Phenol: Difference between revisions

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*: {{#Chem:  C6H5SO3H + 2 NaOH → C6H5OH + Na2SO3 + H2O }}
*: {{#Chem:  C6H5SO3H + 2 NaOH → C6H5OH + Na2SO3 + H2O }}
* From [[benzene]] via Fenton's reagent:
* From [[benzene]] via Fenton's reagent:
*: {{#Chem:c6h6 + H2O2 + FeSO4 = C7H5OH
*: {{#Chem:c6h6 + H2O2 + FeSO4 = C7H5OH}}
* From [[benzene]] and nitrous oxide
* From [[benzene]] and nitrous oxide
*: {{#Chem:  C6H6 + N2O = C6H5OH + NO}}
*: {{#Chem:  C6H6 + N2O = C6H5OH + NO}}

Latest revision as of 18:14, 21 July 2021

 
Phenol
Phenol struct.png
Chemical formula C6H5OH
OTP appearance white crystalline solid 
Index of refraction 1.5425 
Molar Mass(g/mol) 94.11 
Density(g/cc) 1.07 
Melting Point(°C) 40.5 
Boiling Point(°C) 181.7 
Solubility in water(g/L) 83
NFPA 704
NFPA704.png
2
3
0
COR

Uses

Justification Questioned

Other

  • Cleaning
  • Antiseptic
  • Naturally occurring, easily obtainable aromatic compound for organic syntheses, e.g. 2,6-xylenol.

Natural occurrence

  • Phenol occurs naturally in tars and crude oil

Hazards

  • Toxic
  • Flammable
  • Corrosive

Production

Extraction

cf wood distillation

Coal Tar

  1. distill coal tar and retain what distills between 170° and 230°C
  2. redistill and retain what distills between 180°C and 183°C

Synthesis

  • From salicylic acid via thermal decomposition
    C7H6O3(s)
    {
    145-165°C}
    C6H5OH(l) + CO2(g)
  • From benzene via sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide
    C6H6 + H2SO4 C6H5SO3H + H2O
    C6H5SO3H + 2 NaOH C6H5OH + Na2SO3 + H2O
  • From benzene via Fenton's reagent:
    c6 h6  + H2O2 + FeSO4 C7H5OH
  • From benzene and nitrous oxide
    C6H6 + N2O C6H5OH + NO
  • From oxidation of toluene (DOW Chemical process)
    C6H5CH3 + 2 O2 C6H5OH + CO2 + H2O

Purification

Testing

Storage

Disposal

References