Script:Water

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Water by Extraction, Method 1

Naturally Occuring Widely Available Chemical Library Video #1
Rev 1
Script for NOWACL Video 001: Water by Extraction, Method 1
Act I, Part I: Intro
Shot Voice Finished Notes
Intro reel music
Card: Water, H2O
Dissolve seq of river, waterfall, lake, ocean, rain Water. It's probably the most recognizeable compound on earth. 0:14
Pan across glasses, bottles, jugs, and pitchers of water All living organisms depend on it. We drink it,
Wash hands, glassware wash with it,
Dissolve copper acetate in flask with stirring and dissolve things in it. It's where I'll start this project.
Act II, Part I: Sourcing
Shot Voice Finished Notes
Card: Sourcing :02
Ocean establishing shots The most abundant source is the ocean, so I'll start there. It's a beautiful day :06
Follow legs across beach :10
Closeup of submerging jugs so I'm sourcing my water from the Pacific Ocean.
Closeup looking through settled water Looks clean enough. :03
Fade to white I will extract pure water from the seawater (which includes sand, salt, and biologic impurities) by distillation. :06
Act II, Part II: Setup
Shot Voice Finished Notes
Card: Setup :02
Assemble distillation setup Background: noises of glass joints sinking
For the specifics of what distillation is and how it's done, see the Distillation video.
:11
Pan across distillation setup
  • Flask & mantle
  • Column and head
  • Condenser, resevoir & pump
  • Angle with takeoff
  • Receiver
Here's our distillation rig :15
Act III, Part I: Production
Shot Voice Finished Notes
Card: Production :02
Shot of boiling flask on cork stand held by clip on rack with funnel :02
Pour water from jug through funnel, retaining the sand in the jug Keeping the sediment in the jug, I pour the water into the boiling flask. :06
Shot of hand holding glass beads These are fritted glass beads to prevent bumping. :01
Add beads through funnel :01
Add stirbar through funnel, remove funnel, reattach stillhead and a stirbar. :03
Turn on mantle Turn on the power :00.5
Set temp to 100°C set the temperature to 100, :02
Turn on stirring and turn on stirring to assure uniform heating :04
Show flask with vortex
Show heating light on The heat is applied, and a few minutes later :03
Show temp display at higher temp the temperature has risen :02
Show condensation on flask sides and small amounts of vapor are condensing on the sides of the flask. Stirring is no longer needed, :03
Turn off stirring so we turn it off. :01
Show vortex stopping :02
Pan from flask upward to stillhead, showing (dry) temp probe :04
Show (sub vapor point) uptick on temperature readout The temperature continues to rise. :02
Time-wipe to approach to vapor point temperature readout :05
Show (wet) temperature probe the vapor front reaches the stillhead, :03
Follow condensation down to receiver And then the condenser, where it is cooled and becomes liquid again :04
Show first drops the drops of liquid then condense into the receiver. :04
Time lapse of temp / flask emptying / reciever emptying This process continues for a long time. There are about 20 drops in a cubic centimeter, or milliliter, or mil. so twenty thousand drops make one liter. At 1 drop per second it will take a little over five and a half hours to move one liter from the boiling flask to the receiver. :05
Power off We're done. :01
Remove and cap receiver, freeze on receiver. We have distilled a liter of fluid from our seawater. Although confidence is high that this flask contains pure water, in the spirit of science I'll do some tests to be sure. :10
Act III, Part II: Testing
Shot Voice Finished Notes
Card: Testing :02
Shot through receiver Test one for our mystery fluid is visual inspection. It is perfectly clear. It has no apparent color, nor is it cloudy. This is all correct for water. I'll try three slightly more objective numeric tests :07
Shot of flask, add Eye Badge audio sting for badge :02
Shot of hygrometer. One easy test is specific gravity. The density, or specific gravity, of pure water should be one.
Shot of temperature display While atmospheric pressure can affect density, for fluids the difference is inconsequential. But temperature is a different story. Just a degree or two can result in a measurable change. Our current temperature is higher than the 20 degrees centigrade for which this hygrometer is calibrated.
Shot of cylinder, with temp probe and hygrometer, set in an ice bath I cool it down in an ice bath, and prepare to measure the density at the moment the temperature reaches 20 degrees.
Shot of temp and density at 21° As you can see, at 21 degrees the density is still measurably off one.
Shot of temp and density at 20° But as the temperature reaches 20 degrees, it finally reaches a reading of one.
Shot of flask, add "S.G." badge. audio sting for badge :02
Establishing shot of boiling point rig Next, the boiling point. To measure this accurately I'll need to
Pan over the flask, probe, temperature display, and barometer display Since a compound's boiling point is dependent on the pressure, I will need to track both so I can compare with the values for water.
Shot of flask w/stirrer
Shot of Temperature
Shot of Pressure
Shot of Stopwatch on zero
Successively collapse the stopwatch, pressure, and temperature screens to small adjacent boxes in the lower right, revealing the flask image underneath.
Turn on power The temperature rises slowly, with stirring, until vapor is obvious, at which point
Turn on stirring
Timelapse of flask/temp/pressure/stopwatch composite (still, and then wisps of vapor)
Stop stirring I stop the stirring so the transition to boiling will be clearer
Vortex ends
Return to timelapse composite Stop at NNN degrees w/simmer or boil
Shot of flask, add "BP" Badge audio sting for badge :02
Timelapse composite of (lit, preheated) capped flask in freezer w/temp probe, and temp readout The freezing point is within half a degree or so of zero celcius. Without much more complicated equipment, this is as exact as I can get. Zero celcius is correct for water.
Shot of flask, add "FP" Badge audio sting for badge :02
Glass stirring rod in large flask
Warning screen: All pursuits endanger the careless, unprepared, and ignorant. Protect yourself. Now I'm going to return to some more subjective, sensory tests, so a strong warning is appropriate. With only rare exceptions, looking at a compound is perfectly safe. Listening to compounds is also generally regarded as safe, provided you keep the compound itself out of your ear. Using your other senses, however, can be extremely dangerous. Nevertheless, in a scientifically austere environment, subjective, sensate examinations can provide confirmatory tests if proper precautions are taken and good judgement is used. Given that my four tests indicate that this is water, and given I personally gathered the source material and performed the distillation, I am sufficiently confident in the identification that I judge the risks associated with three more subjective tests both reasonable and instructive.
Glass stirring rod in large flask Many toxic compounds compounds can be absorbed through the skin.
Image, b/d years, written name, and Q-code for wikipedia page for Karen Wetterhahn (1948-1997) Skeptics may look up Professor Karen Wetterhahn (1948-1997) for convincing evidence that even professional chemists can fall victim to their own compounds. For this reason, I generally recommend against using your sense of touch to identify them.
Rod dripping a drop on forefinger, then finger and thumb rubbing together. It feels wet, slightly cool from slow evaporation, and has the approximate viscosity of water. No tingling or burning like with menthol or capcaisin. All of these are correct for water.
Shot of flask, add "hand" Badge. audio sting for badge :02
Glass stirring rod in large flask Many compounds are toxic if inhaled, even in minute amounts. For this reason, I generally recommend against using your sense of smell to identify them. Look up the term "Fluorine Martyr" if you need convincing.
Stirring rod puts drop on paper, paper is waved in air, nose smells. In this case, however, I'm going to take the risk. This mystery fluid has no odor whatsoever. This is correct for water.
Shot of flask, add "Nose" Badge. audio sting for badge :02
glass stirring rod in large flask Many compounds are toxic if ingested, even in minute amounts. For this reason, wise people everywhere recommend against using your sense of taste to identify them.
Glass rod shaken, then applied to tongue. The mystery fluid has no taste. This is correct for water.
Shot of flask, add Taste/Tongue/Mouth Badge audio sting for badge :02
Show 7-badge summary page from a moment ag, highlighting each as a sting hits seven successive stings :02
Success animation (fanfare for success) Success! Our eight tests confirm I have produced pure water from seawater. :06
But can I do it repeatably? :03
FF of collection of water from river, lake, and rain. I went on to source additional water samples from a local creek, a lake, and from an improvised rain barrel. They all produced equally pure water via distillation. :07
Timelapse of multiple distillations, each emptied into a jug, source jug emptying, target jug filling :04
Shot of hand holding (commercial) plastic jug of "Distilled water" All in all I produced over 500 moles, nine liters, of pure distilled water without a hitch. Having proven the production process, in the future I will source distilled water from commercial sources. :07
Act III, Part III: Add to Library
Shot Voice Finished Notes
Animation: Add water to NOWA Chemical Library drums & fanfare :10
Credits
Shot Voice Finished Notes
Credits card music
Thanks card music
Copyright card music