Pewter: Difference between revisions

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Pewters are alloys made chiefly of [[tin]], but including [[copper]], [[lead]], '''antimony''' and [[bismuth]]. Being easily melted down and recast, it is easy to reuse, repair, and recycle.
==General Usage==
Hydrocortisone, sold under a number of brand names, is the name for the corticosteroid [[cortisol]] when supplied as a medication. Uses include conditions such as adrenocortical insufficiency, high blood calcium, thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatitis, asthma, and COPD. It is also used as an immunosuppressant. Stopping treatment after long-term use should be done slowly.
===Availability===
Generally topical forms are OTC, while oral and injectable forms are by physician's order.
==Forms==
{{Medication
| name=Hydrocortison cream
| kin=Cortizone 10
| form=ointment
| delivery=topical
| active_l=[[Cortisol]]
| excipient_l=
| inert_l=
| preparation=
| storage=Store in waterproof airtight lightproof tube
| life=1 year
| disposal=Piranha solution
| listed_who=yes
| listed_dhs=yes
}}
==See Also==
* [[cortisol]], the root medicine
* [[prednisolone]]
* [[dexamethasone ]]


==References==
==Uses==
<references/>
* food service and drinking vessels
 
==Production==
{| class=wikitable
|+ Pewter compositions
|-
!rowspan=2|Authority
!rowspan=2|Name
!rowspan=2|Usage
!colspan=5|wt%
|-
|[[Tin]]
|[[Copper]]
|[[Antimony]]
|[[Bismuth]]
|[[Lead]]
|-
!British Standard
|5140
|Any
|91
|7.5
|1.5
|0
|0
|-
!US Standard
|Pewter
|Any
|92+
|1.2+
|6.7+
|0+
|0
|-
!rowspan=3|Worshipful<br/>Company of<br/>Pewterers
|Fine Metal
|Tableware
|99
|1
|0
|0
|0
|-
|Trifle
|Holloware
|95
|1
|0
|0
|4
|-
|Lay
|No food contact
|85
|0
|0
|0
|15
|-
!rowspan=3|Historic
|Roman Pewter
|Any
|70
|0
|0
|0
|30
|-
|Japanese Pewter
|Any
|80
|0
|0
|0
|20
|-
|Plate pewter #1
|Tableware
|83.5
|3.3
|6.6
|6.6
|0
|}
 
==Hazards==
Cooking in pewter vessels is unwise for several reasons. Lead, a frequent constituent of pewter, is not toxic in elemental form, but forms toxic compounds, and may do so if exposed to organic matter at high temperatures, which would occur during cooking processes. Secondly, most pewter alloys have a low melting point, and might lose integrity completely if used in a hot fire.
 
[[Category:Alloys]]

Latest revision as of 02:53, 4 December 2024

Pewters are alloys made chiefly of tin, but including copper, lead, antimony and bismuth. Being easily melted down and recast, it is easy to reuse, repair, and recycle.

Uses

  • food service and drinking vessels

Production

Pewter compositions
Authority Name Usage wt%
Tin Copper Antimony Bismuth Lead
British Standard 5140 Any 91 7.5 1.5 0 0
US Standard Pewter Any 92+ 1.2+ 6.7+ 0+ 0
Worshipful
Company of
Pewterers 		Fine Metal Tableware 99 1 0 0 0
Trifle Holloware 95 1 0 0 4
Lay No food contact 85 0 0 0 15
Historic Roman Pewter Any 70 0 0 0 30
Japanese Pewter Any 80 0 0 0 20
Plate pewter #1 Tableware 83.5 3.3 6.6 6.6 0

Hazards

Cooking in pewter vessels is unwise for several reasons. Lead, a frequent constituent of pewter, is not toxic in elemental form, but forms toxic compounds, and may do so if exposed to organic matter at high temperatures, which would occur during cooking processes. Secondly, most pewter alloys have a low melting point, and might lose integrity completely if used in a hot fire.

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