Glycerol

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Revision as of 20:51, 4 December 2024 by Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Compound|aka=Glycerine, propanetriol|chemf=C3H5(OH)3|struct=Glycerol.png|nfpa_h=1|nfpa_f=1|mm=92.09|mp=17.8|bp=290|decomp={{DecompRow|input=glycerol|output=acrolein|temp=200}}|dps=ash|stp_p=liquid|stp_q=colorless|density=1.Fname261|ior=1.473}} Glycerol (aka glycerine or propane 1,2,3-triol) is an '''alcohol'''. It is used as a dermatologically neutral base for many products, including cosmetics and ointments. ==Uses== ===Primary=== * Feedstock for hand sanitizer *...")
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Legality: DEA Listed Chemicals

Production of this substance may be illegal in some jurisdictions under certain circumstances.

21CFR1310.02 a & b

In 1995/6, two lists were created "List I" and "List II", for which commercial manufacturers and distributors must register, and for which possession with the intent to manufacture illegal substances (such as methamphetamine, ecstasy, etc) is illegal. On these a few dozen "precursor" compounds commonly used in the manufacture of illegal drugs. <ref>{{

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<ref>{{

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Bottom line: Do not produce this chemical without checking to make sure that you may do so legally.

 

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Legality: CWC Schedule 3

CONVENTION ON THE PROHIBITION OF THE DEVELOPMENT, PRODUCTION, STOCKPILING AND USE OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS AND ON THEIR DESTRUCTION
ANNEX ON CHEMICALS
A. GUIDELINES FOR SCHEDULES OF CHEMICALS
Guidelines for Schedule 3
The following criteria shall be taken into account in considering whether a toxic chemical or precursor, not listed in other Schedules, should be included in Schedule 3:
(a) It has been produced, stockpiled or used as a chemical weapon;
(b) It poses otherwise a risk to the object and purpose of this Convention because it possesses such lethal or incapacitating toxicity as well as other properties that might enable it to be used as a chemical weapon;
(c) It poses a risk to the object and purpose of this Convention by virtue of its importance in the production of one or more chemicals listed in Schedule 1 or Schedule 2, part B;
(d) It may be produced in large commercial quantities for purposes not prohibited under this Convention.

Production of this substance may be illegal in some jurisdictions under certain circumstances. Bottom line: Do not produce this chemical without checking to make sure that you may do so legally.

 

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Legality: Controlled Substance

USC Title 21<ref>21 USC §812{{
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This substance is currently {{#if
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Production, Possession, or distribution of this substance without permission or defined legal justification may be illegal.

Bottom line: Do not produce this substance without checking to make sure that you may do so legally.

 

[[Category:US Schedule {{#ifeq: |1|I|{{#ifeq:|2|II|{{#ifeq:|3|III|{{#ifeq:|4|IV|{{#ifeq:|5|V|}}}}}}}}}} Substances]]}}

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Glycerol {{#if:Glycerine, propanetriol|
aka Glycerine, propanetriol}} {{#if:|
DEA LIST I/II SUBSTANCE}} {{#if:|
CWC LIST I/II/III SUBSTANCE}} {{#if:||
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NFPA 704
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acrolein

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Glycerol (aka glycerine or propane 1,2,3-triol) is an alcohol. It is used as a dermatologically neutral base for many products, including cosmetics and ointments.

Uses

Primary

Secondary

  • Pharmacopia: laxative (rectally applied)

Production

Extraction

via lead (II) oxide

Olive oil (primarily glyceryl tri-oleate) combined with lead (II) oxide and water, and boiled, gives lead oleate and glycerol

{{#Chem: 2 C3H5(C18H33O2)3 + 3 PbO + 3 H2O { = boil } 3 Pb(C18H33O2)2 + 2 C3H5(OH)3 }}

via transesterification

Materials
Process
  1. (If necessary) Warm the triglyceride mixture until it is liquid
  2. Combine the alkali with the alcohol
  3. Slowly mix the alkali solution into the triglyceride
  4. Allow it to stand, keeping warm if necessary
    Check: it should separate into two layers
    NB The bottom layer is the (crude) glycerol, the top layer the ethyl esters
  5. Separate the crude glycerol from the ethyl esters
Recovering the FFAs
  1. Filter the ethyl esters
  2. Add distilled water to the ethyl esters
  3. Distil at 90°C to extract the ethanol
  4. Distil at 110°C to remove excess water
  5. The remainder is FFAs. They can be converted to soap via sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide
Further purification
  1. Bubble Carbon dioxide through the crude glycerol, precipitating the calcium compounds.
  2. Filter the crude glycerol
  3. The filtered crude glycerol contains three impurities: water, ethanol, and dissolved adulterants
    NB Glycerol does not form azeotropes with water or ethanol
  4. Distil the ethanol from the crude glycerol at 90°C
  5. Evaporate the crude glycerol at 110°C to remove the water
  6. Vacuum distil the glycerol to extract the pure glycerol
  7. Discard the residue

Vacuum distillation

Because the decomposition point of glycerol (200) is below its boiling point(290), it cannot be normally distilled. However, the boiling point drops with the ambient pressure, so if the pressure is lowered, so is the boiling point, and thus the boiling point can fall below the decompisition point and distillation can be performed.<ref>{{

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See Also

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References

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