Sodium: Difference between revisions
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JeffEvarts (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Compound|name=Sodium|chemf=Na|density=0.96|group=Alkali Metals|num=11|stp_p=solid|stp_q=silver|mm=23|mp=97.8|bp=883|nfpa_h=3|nfpa_f=3|nfpa_r=2|nfpa_o=<s>W</s>}} Chemically,...") |
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Latest revision as of 12:39, 25 June 2019
Chemical formula | Na |
---|---|
Atomic Number | 11 |
OTP appearance | silver solid |
Molar Mass(g/mol) | 23 |
Density(g/cc) | 0.96 |
Melting Point(°C) | 97.8 |
Boiling Point(°C) | 883 |
NFPA 704 |
Chemically, sodium is very nearly potassium's twin. It is essential for all known organic life.
Uses
Primary
- Elemental sodium will isolate any other metal from that metal's chloride form.
- (The three exceptions are not on our abbreviated periodic chart: Rb Cs, and Fr)
Natural Sources
- Elemental sodium does not occur naturally.
- sodium carbonate occurs naturally in wood ash
- sodium chloride occurs naturally in salt water
Hazards
Sodium is toxic, caustic, and pyrophoric. Handle with care.
Production
Extraction
- Via electrolysis of liquid sodium chloride (cf. Downs cell)
- 2 NaCl{2 Na + Cl2~801°C; ~4.1v}→
- 2 NaCl
- Via electrolysis of liquid sodium hydroxide isolation of the sodium from air or the other materials is key.
- 4 NaOH(l){4 Na + 2 H2O + O2≥300°C}→
- 4 NaOH(l)
- Via thermochemical magnesium displacement with dioxane separation
- 2 NaOH + Mg{Na•MgO + H2ΔH=-349.8480 °}→
- Na•MgO{dioxaneNa + MgO101°C}→
- 2 NaOH + Mg
- Via menthol-catalyzed magnesium displacement
- 2 NaOH + Mg{menthol,mineral oilMgO + Na + H2200°}→
- 2 NaOH + Mg