Carbon dioxide

 

Carbon dioxide

Chemical formula	{{#Chem:CO2}}
OTP appearance	colorless gas
Molar Mass(g/mol)	44.01
Density(g/cc)	0.0019(g) 1.56(s)
Melting Point(°C)	-78.8 (sublimes)
Solubility in water(g/L)	1.45 (72%v/v)
Speed of sound 20°C, 1atm (m/s)	267
Immediate Danger to Life and Health	4% (inh)
NFPA 704	0 1 0

Carbon dioxide is one of the three main constituents of air, along with oxygen and nitrogen.

Uses

Other

• Inert gas
• Dry ice

Natural occurrence

• Carbon dioxide represents 350 ppm (by volume) of the atmosphere.

Hazards

• asphyxiant

Production

Extraction

• Heat still water, capture gas. (oxygen and nitrogen dissolve much less readily) Between 1.5 and 2.5g (approximately 1L) of carbon dioxide will dissolve in 1L of water between the temperatures of 20 and 10 degrees centigrade. This is approximately a 0.045 molar solution.

Synthesis

• Calcine calcium carbonate

  {{#Chem: CaCO3 { = 850°C }CaO + CO2 / 100g of chalk per mol of CO₂}}

• Acidify carbonates

  {{#Chem: CaCO3 + 2 CH3COOH = Ca(CH3COO)2 + H2O + CO2 // 100g chalk and 2400cc 5% vinegar per mol of CO₂}}

  {{#Chem: NaHCO3 + CH3COOH = Na(CH3COO) + H2O + CO2 // 84g of sodium bicarbonate and 1200cc 5% vinegar per mol of CO₂}}

  {{#Chem: 2Na2CO3 + CH3COOH = Na(CH3COO) + NaHCO3 + H2O + CO2 //212g of sodium carbonateand 1200cc 5% vinegar per mol of CO₂}}

• Ferment sugars

  {{#Chem: C6H12O6 = 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2// 1kg glucose yields 11mols of CO₂}}

• Fully oxidize (burn) carbon

  {{#Chem: C + O2 = CO2}}

See Also

• carbon monoxide