Silicon

From NOWA-CL
Jump to navigation Jump to search
 
Silicon
Chemical formula {{#Chem:Si}}
Atomic Number 14 
OTP appearance black solid 
Molar Mass(g/mol) 28.0 
Density(g/cc) 2.33 
Melting Point(°C) 1414 
Boiling Point(°C) 3265
NFPA 704
0
1
0
 

Uses

Justifying

  • -dioxide is the key component of glass

Other

  • Semiconductor substrate
  • Feedstock for silicone
  • -carbide is an excellent abrasive, high temp ceramic, semiconductor "detector"
  • -dioxide accepts CaO ({{#Chem: SiO2 + CaO = CaSiO3}})

Natural Occurrence

Hazards

Production

Extraction

  • from dioxide via high temp (1900°C) carbothermal reduction
    {{#Chem: SiO2 + 2C = Si + 2CO}}
  • from -fluoride with potassium via halide stealing
    {{#Chem: SiCl + K = Si + KCl}}

via silicides

In an article

  1. Combine finely ground sand, [[quartz], or quartzite with magnesium metal powder, and heat, yielding magnesium silicide, magnesium oxide, and unreacted magnesium and silicon dioxide
    {{#Chem: 2Mg + SiO2 { = heat } 2MgO + Si }}
    {{#Chem: 2Mg + Si { = heat } M2Si // follows from reaction above }}
    {{#Chem: 4Mg + SiO2 { = heat } 2MgO + Mg2Si //overall reaction }}
  2. Combine products with dilute hydrochloric acid

Purification

Testing

Sttorage

Disposal

See Also

References