Silicon

 

Silicon

Chemical formula	{{#Chem:Si}}
Atomic Number	14
OTP appearance	black solid
Molar Mass(g/mol)	28.0
Density(g/cc)	2.33
Melting Point(°C)	1414
Boiling Point(°C)	3265
NFPA 704	0 1 0

Uses

Justifying

• -dioxide is the key component of glass

Other

• Semiconductor substrate
• Feedstock for silicone
• -carbide is an excellent abrasive, high temp ceramic, semiconductor "detector"
• -dioxide accepts CaO ({{#Chem: SiO2 + CaO = CaSiO3}})

Natural Occurrence

• Elemental silicon does not occur naturally
• silicon dioxide occurs as the minerals quartz, sand, etc.

Production

Extraction

• from dioxide via high temp (1900°C) carbothermal reduction

  {{#Chem: SiO2 + 2C = Si + 2CO}}

• from -fluoride with potassium via halide stealing

  {{#Chem: SiCl + K = Si + KCl}}

via silicides

In an article

1. Combine finely ground sand, [[quartz], or quartzite with magnesium metal powder, and heat, yielding magnesium silicide, magnesium oxide, and unreacted magnesium and silicon dioxide

   {{#Chem: 2Mg + SiO2 { = heat } 2MgO + Si }}

   {{#Chem: 2Mg + Si { = heat } M2Si // follows from reaction above }}

   {{#Chem: 4Mg + SiO2 { = heat } 2MgO + Mg2Si //overall reaction }}

2. Combine products with dilute hydrochloric acid