Silicon
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Chemical formula | {{#Chem:Si}} |
---|---|
Atomic Number | 14 |
OTP appearance | black solid |
Molar Mass(g/mol) | 28.0 |
Density(g/cc) | 2.33 |
Melting Point(°C) | 1414 |
Boiling Point(°C) | 3265 |
NFPA 704 |
Uses
Justifying
- -dioxide is the key component of glass
Other
- Semiconductor substrate
- Feedstock for silicone
- -carbide is an excellent abrasive, high temp ceramic, semiconductor "detector"
- -dioxide accepts CaO ({{#Chem: SiO2 + CaO = CaSiO3}})
Natural Occurrence
- Elemental silicon does not occur naturally
- silicon dioxide occurs as the minerals quartz, sand, etc.
Hazards
Production
Extraction
- from dioxide via high temp (1900°C) carbothermal reduction
- {{#Chem: SiO2 + 2C = Si + 2CO}}
- from -fluoride with potassium via halide stealing
- {{#Chem: SiCl + K = Si + KCl}}
via silicides
In an article
- Combine finely ground sand, [[quartz], or quartzite with magnesium metal powder, and heat, yielding magnesium silicide, magnesium oxide, and unreacted magnesium and silicon dioxide
- {{#Chem: 2Mg + SiO2 { = heat } 2MgO + Si }}
- {{#Chem: 2Mg + Si { = heat } M2Si // follows from reaction above }}
- {{#Chem: 4Mg + SiO2 { = heat } 2MgO + Mg2Si //overall reaction }}
- Combine products with dilute hydrochloric acid