Silicon dioxide

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Legality: DEA Listed Chemicals

Production of this substance may be illegal in some jurisdictions under certain circumstances.

21CFR1310.02 a & b

In 1995/6, two lists were created "List I" and "List II", for which commercial manufacturers and distributors must register, and for which possession with the intent to manufacture illegal substances (such as methamphetamine, ecstasy, etc) is illegal. On these a few dozen "precursor" compounds commonly used in the manufacture of illegal drugs. <ref>{{

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Bottom line: Do not produce this chemical without checking to make sure that you may do so legally.

 

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Legality: CWC Schedule 3

CONVENTION ON THE PROHIBITION OF THE DEVELOPMENT, PRODUCTION, STOCKPILING AND USE OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS AND ON THEIR DESTRUCTION
ANNEX ON CHEMICALS
A. GUIDELINES FOR SCHEDULES OF CHEMICALS
Guidelines for Schedule 3
The following criteria shall be taken into account in considering whether a toxic chemical or precursor, not listed in other Schedules, should be included in Schedule 3:
(a) It has been produced, stockpiled or used as a chemical weapon;
(b) It poses otherwise a risk to the object and purpose of this Convention because it possesses such lethal or incapacitating toxicity as well as other properties that might enable it to be used as a chemical weapon;
(c) It poses a risk to the object and purpose of this Convention by virtue of its importance in the production of one or more chemicals listed in Schedule 1 or Schedule 2, part B;
(d) It may be produced in large commercial quantities for purposes not prohibited under this Convention.

Production of this substance may be illegal in some jurisdictions under certain circumstances. Bottom line: Do not produce this chemical without checking to make sure that you may do so legally.

 

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Legality: Controlled Substance

USC Title 21<ref>21 USC §812{{
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Production, Possession, or distribution of this substance without permission or defined legal justification may be illegal.

Bottom line: Do not produce this substance without checking to make sure that you may do so legally.

 

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Silicon dioxide {{#if:Silica|
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NFPA 704
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Uses

  • Primary component of glass
  • Fused silicon dioxide is a high-temperature-resistant glass
  • Primary source of pure silicon

Natural occurrence

Silicon dioxide occurs naturally, usually as sand and other silacious minerals.

Hazards

  • GRAS

Production

Extraction

Purification

phase I

  1. grind to a fine powder, breaking the sand crystals along faults and exposing impurities on the surface
  2. Wash thoroughly with hot hydrochloric acid, converting calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and iron compounds to water-soluble chlorides
  3. Wash thoroughly with hot water

Phase II

  1. melt N ubm of sodium hydroxide
  2. add M ubm of acid-and-water-washed sand
    {{#Chem: 2NaOH(l) + SiO2(s) = Na2SiO3 + H2O(v)}}
  3. heat and stir, producing a mixture of silcon dioxide, sodium hydroxide, and sodium silicate
  4. dissolve the mixture in water
  5. cool to room temperature
  6. filter
  7. discard residue (unreacted sand)
  8. heat and add hydrochloric acid until the solution is acidic
    {{#Chem: Na2SiO3 + 2HCl = 2NaCl + H2SiO3 // excess sodium hydroxide becomes salt and water}}
  9. cool to room temperature
  10. filter
  11. neutralize and discard filtrate
  12. retain residue (gel of silicic acid)
  13. wash with water
  14. heat silicic acid to produce pure silicon dioxide.
    {{#Chem: H2SiO3 { = heat } SiO2(s) + H2O(v) }}

Purification

Testing

Storage

Disposal

Provided the crystals are coarse enough to fall out of the air, silicon dioxide can be disposed of into the environment.

See Also

References

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