Hydrogen chloride: Difference between revisions
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==Production== | ==Production== | ||
===Extraction=== | ===Extraction=== | ||
Extracting hydrogen chloride from water ([[hydrochloric acid]]) is difficult due to an azeotrope at about 20% {{#Chem:HCl}}. Adding 25% by weight [[calcium chloride]] (or similar amounts of '''magnesium chloride''') to the hydrochloric acid. At a certain point, relatively pure, "dry" hydrogen chloride will evaporate from the mixture. | Extracting hydrogen chloride from water ([[hydrochloric acid]]) is difficult due to an azeotrope at about 20% {{#Chem:HCl}}. Adding 25% by weight [[calcium chloride]] (or similar amounts of '''magnesium chloride''') to the hydrochloric acid will help keep the water from combining with the hydrogen chloride. At a certain point, relatively pure, "dry" hydrogen chloride will evaporate from the mixture. | ||
===Synthesis=== | ===Synthesis=== | ||
Revision as of 06:20, 25 June 2019
| Chemical formula | HCl |
|---|---|
| OTP appearance | clear gas |
| Index of refraction | 1.0004456 |
| Molar Mass(g/mol) | 36.46 |
| Density(g/cc) | 0.00149 |
| Melting Point(°C) | -114.22 |
| Boiling Point(°C) | -85.05 |
| Solubility in water(g/L) | 720 |
| NFPA 704 |  0
3
1
ACID
|
Uses
Primary
- Key chemical intermediate for chlorine chemistry
Natural occurrence
Hazards
Production
Extraction
Extracting hydrogen chloride from water (hydrochloric acid) is difficult due to an azeotrope at about 20% HCl. Adding 25% by weight calcium chloride (or similar amounts of magnesium chloride) to the hydrochloric acid will help keep the water from combining with the hydrogen chloride. At a certain point, relatively pure, "dry" hydrogen chloride will evaporate from the mixture.
Synthesis
via sulfuric acid
- Combine sodium chloride and sulfuric acid
- NaCl + H2SO4 → HCl + NaHSO4
via phosphoric acid
Since phosphoric acid is available "early", this is an excellent path.
- Combine sodium chloride and phosphoric acid
- 3 NaCl + H3PO4 → 3 HCl(g) + Na3PO4 // can partially react to NaH2PO4 or Na2HPO4