Hydrogen chloride: Difference between revisions
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==Uses== | ==Uses== | ||
===Primary=== | ===Primary=== | ||
* [[Hydrochloric acid]] is an industrial chemical. | |||
* Key chemical intermediate for [[chlorine]] chemistry | * Key chemical intermediate for [[chlorine]] chemistry | ||
* Can be used to produce [[sulfuric acid]] (via [[copper (II) chloride]]) | * Can be used to produce [[sulfuric acid]] (via [[copper (II) chloride]]) | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Mineral Acids]] | |||
Latest revision as of 02:26, 13 December 2019
| Chemical formula | HCl |
|---|---|
| OTP appearance | clear gas |
| Index of refraction | 1.0004456 |
| Molar Mass(g/mol) | 36.46 |
| Density(g/cc) | 0.00149 |
| Melting Point(°C) | -114.22 |
| Boiling Point(°C) | -85.05 |
| Solubility in water(g/L) | 720 |
| NFPA 704 |  0
3
1
ACID
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Uses
Primary
- Hydrochloric acid is an industrial chemical.
- Key chemical intermediate for chlorine chemistry
- Can be used to produce sulfuric acid (via copper (II) chloride)
Natural occurrence
Hazards
Production
Extraction
Extracting hydrogen chloride from water (hydrochloric acid) is difficult due to an azeotrope at about 20% HCl. Adding 25% by weight calcium chloride (or similar amounts of magnesium chloride) to the hydrochloric acid will help keep the water from combining with the hydrogen chloride. At a certain point, relatively pure, "dry" hydrogen chloride will evaporate from the mixture.
Synthesis
via sulfuric acid
- Combine sodium chloride and sulfuric acid
- NaCl + H2SO4 → HCl + NaHSO4
via phosphoric acid
Since phosphoric acid is available "early", this is an excellent path.
- Combine sodium chloride and phosphoric acid
- 3 NaCl + H3PO4 → 3 HCl(g) + Na3PO4 // can partially react to NaH2PO4 or Na2HPO4