Ammonium nitrate

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Legality: DEA Listed Chemicals

Production of this substance may be illegal in some jurisdictions under certain circumstances.

21CFR1310.02 a & b

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Bottom line: Do not produce this chemical without checking to make sure that you may do so legally.

 

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Legality: CWC Schedule 3

CONVENTION ON THE PROHIBITION OF THE DEVELOPMENT, PRODUCTION, STOCKPILING AND USE OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS AND ON THEIR DESTRUCTION
ANNEX ON CHEMICALS
A. GUIDELINES FOR SCHEDULES OF CHEMICALS
Guidelines for Schedule 3
The following criteria shall be taken into account in considering whether a toxic chemical or precursor, not listed in other Schedules, should be included in Schedule 3:
(a) It has been produced, stockpiled or used as a chemical weapon;
(b) It poses otherwise a risk to the object and purpose of this Convention because it possesses such lethal or incapacitating toxicity as well as other properties that might enable it to be used as a chemical weapon;
(c) It poses a risk to the object and purpose of this Convention by virtue of its importance in the production of one or more chemicals listed in Schedule 1 or Schedule 2, part B;
(d) It may be produced in large commercial quantities for purposes not prohibited under this Convention.

Production of this substance may be illegal in some jurisdictions under certain circumstances. Bottom line: Do not produce this chemical without checking to make sure that you may do so legally.

 

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Legality: Controlled Substance

USC Title 21<ref>21 USC §812{{
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Production, Possession, or distribution of this substance without permission or defined legal justification may be illegal.

Bottom line: Do not produce this substance without checking to make sure that you may do so legally.

 

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Ammonium Nitrate only follows ammonia and nitric acid at the "Top of the nitrogen chemistry" chart. It is used for many many purposes, from fertilizers to explosives to cold packs.

Uses

Primary

  • Fertilizer (34-0-0)
  • Energetic material for mining and construction

Secondary

  • Cold packs

Hazards

  • Ammonium Nitrate is an explosive on its own. Sufficient heat (210°C) or shock can cause it to explode.

Synthesis

The syntheses below start with ammonia and a source of the nitrate ion, then use an acid to link one to the other.

From nitric acid

Combine ammonia with nitric acid

{{#Chem: NH3+HNO3=NH4NO3|otp}}

From sodium bisulfate

  1. Gather 22 units by weight of sodium bisulfate
  2. Gather 27 units by weight of saltpeter
  3. Gather ammonia
  4. Gather water
  5. Mix the sodium bisulfate and saltpeter as powders completely
  6. Add water to the mixture until it just dissolves
  7. Add ammonia to the solution until it is neutral (see pH for testing)
  8. Evaporate or boil the mixture until crystals begin to form
  9. Cool (chill) the solution overnight.
    Check: After cooling, it should contain two layers: cloudy crystals at the bottom and clear fluid at the top.
  10. Filter the solution
  11. Set aside the residue
  12. Dry the solution completely
  13. Dissolve the crystals in methanol
  14. Filter the solution
  15. Retain the residue, it is mostly sodium sulfate
  16. Evaporate the filtrate completely
  17. The evaporite is ammonium nitrate

See Also

References

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