Sodium hydroxide
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Chemical formula | NaOH |
---|---|
OTP appearance | white solid |
Molar Mass(g/mol) | 39.9971 |
Density(g/cc) | 2.13 |
Melting Point(°C) | 318 |
Boiling Point(°C) | 1388 |
Solubility in water(g/L) | 1110 |
NFPA 704 |
Uses
Primary
- Industrial chemical
- Primary component in lye
- Primary alkali used to produce sodium salts from acids
Natural occurrence
- Sodium hydroxide does not occur naturally.
Hazards
Sodium hydroxide is extremely caustic, especially when wet. Exposure of wet (slaked) lye to skin or eyes is likely to result in severe chemical burns and/or blindness.
Production
Synthesis
Any combination of calcium (hydr)oxide and sodium (bi)carbonate results in sodium hydroxide:
- Combine any sodium/calcium pair of these alternatives to produce 1 mol of sodium hydroxide
- 53 ubm anhydrous sodium carbonate or 143ubm sodium carbonate decahydrate dissolved in 211 ubm water (½ molar Na2CO3)
- 84 ubm sodium bicarbonate dissolved in 875ubm water (1 mol NaHCO3)
- 28 ubm calcium oxide
- 37 ubm calcium hydroxide
- Na2CO3 + CaO + H2O → 2 NaOH(aq) + CaCO3(s) // halve reactants (containing disodium compound) to get one mol of sodium hydroxide
- NaHCO3 + CaO → NaOH(aq) + 2 CaCO3(s) + H2O
- 2 Na2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 → NaOH(aq) + 2 CaCO3(s)
- NaHCO3 + Ca(OH)2 → NaOH(aq) + 2 CaCO3(s) + H2O
Purification
- US patent 1562805 "Process for separating potassium and sodium hydroxides"
Link courtesy Google