Urea: Difference between revisions
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[[Category:NOWA]] | [[Category:NOWA]] | ||
{{Compound|aka=carbonyl diamine|chemf=OC(NH2)2|struct=Urea.png|sol_aq=≥1000|sol_et=50|mp=135|mm=60|density=1.32|medicine=yes|listed_who=yes|decomp={{DecompRow|temp=unk|input=urea|output={{#Chem: NH3, CO2}}}}|industrial=yes}} | {{Compound|aka=carbonyl diamine|chemf=OC(NH2)2|struct=Urea.png|sol_aq=≥1000|sol_et=50|mp=135|mm=60|density=1.32|medicine=yes|listed_who=yes|decomp={{DecompRow|temp=unk|input=urea|output={{#Chem: NH3, CO2}}}}|industrial=yes}} | ||
__TOC__ | |||
A major source of organic [[nitrogen]]. | A major source of organic [[nitrogen]]. | ||
==Uses== | ==Uses== | ||
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====Wohler==== | ====Wohler==== | ||
* Combine '''silver cyanate''' with [[ammonium chloride]]. | * Combine '''silver cyanate''' with [[ammonium chloride]]. | ||
*: {{#Chem: AgNCO + NH4Cl → (NH2) | *: {{#Chem: AgNCO + NH4Cl → CO(NH2)2 + AgCl}} | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
* [[urease]] | * [[urease]] | ||
Revision as of 00:28, 2 August 2019
| Chemical formula | OC(NH2)2 |
|---|---|
| Molar Mass(g/mol) | 60 |
| Density(g/cc) | 1.32 |
| Melting Point(°C) | 135 |
| Solubility in water(g/L) | ≥1000 |
| Solubility in ethanol(g/L) | 50 |
| NFPA 704 |  0
0
0
|
| Thermal Decomposition | urea
unk°C NH3,CO2 |
A major source of organic nitrogen.
Uses
Primary
- Industrial chemical
- Fertilizer (46-0-0)
Secondary
- Feedstock (through natural decomposition) to ammonia
- Feedstock for urea nitrate for cold packs
- Pharm: (ointment) Skin treatment
Natural occurrence
Hazards
Production
Extraction
from urine
Approximately 9.3g are expected in a liter of fresh human urine. Delay in processing allows bacteria to convert the urea to ammonia.
simple evaporation
- Dry urine to solids
- Repeat
- Dissolve in ethanol
- filter
- discard residue
- evaporate alcohol
- gather crystals
- Until nothing but clear crystals remains
The crystals are urea
via oxalic acid
- Precipitate from urine using oxalic acid, then extract again using calcium hydroxide. Detoxify the calcium oxalate by thermal decomposition.
- CO(NH2)2 + H2(COO)2 → C3H6N2O5
- C3H6N2O5 + Ca(OH)2 → CO(NH2)2 + Ca(COO)2 + 2 H2O
- Ca(COO)2{CaCO3 + CO≥600°C}→
via nitric acid
- Combine urine and nitric acid, producing urea nitrate crystals
- Filter
- Discard filtrate
- Repeat
- Until no further residue is collected and the crystals are as pure as desired
Synthesis
Wohler
- Combine silver cyanate with ammonium chloride.
- AgNCO + NH4Cl → CO(NH2)2 + AgCl