Penicillin

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Revision as of 23:39, 2 December 2024 by Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Compound|aka=Benzylpenicillin|chemf=C16H18N2O4S|struct=Benzylpenicillin.png|group=Bioproducts |complexo=yes|mm=334.4 |medicine=yes|medication=yes|listed_who=yes|med_class=Penicillins }} ; Penicillin as a class of compounds Penicillin is a class of medicinal compounds based on a 6-APA framework which contains a beta lactam ring, giving penicillins strong antibiotic activity. ; Penicillin as a specific compound This page describes the naturally occuring version,...")
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Legality: DEA Listed Chemicals

Production of this substance may be illegal in some jurisdictions under certain circumstances.

21CFR1310.02 a & b

In 1995/6, two lists were created "List I" and "List II", for which commercial manufacturers and distributors must register, and for which possession with the intent to manufacture illegal substances (such as methamphetamine, ecstasy, etc) is illegal. On these a few dozen "precursor" compounds commonly used in the manufacture of illegal drugs. <ref>{{

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Bottom line: Do not produce this chemical without checking to make sure that you may do so legally.

 

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Legality: CWC Schedule 3

CONVENTION ON THE PROHIBITION OF THE DEVELOPMENT, PRODUCTION, STOCKPILING AND USE OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS AND ON THEIR DESTRUCTION
ANNEX ON CHEMICALS
A. GUIDELINES FOR SCHEDULES OF CHEMICALS
Guidelines for Schedule 3
The following criteria shall be taken into account in considering whether a toxic chemical or precursor, not listed in other Schedules, should be included in Schedule 3:
(a) It has been produced, stockpiled or used as a chemical weapon;
(b) It poses otherwise a risk to the object and purpose of this Convention because it possesses such lethal or incapacitating toxicity as well as other properties that might enable it to be used as a chemical weapon;
(c) It poses a risk to the object and purpose of this Convention by virtue of its importance in the production of one or more chemicals listed in Schedule 1 or Schedule 2, part B;
(d) It may be produced in large commercial quantities for purposes not prohibited under this Convention.

Production of this substance may be illegal in some jurisdictions under certain circumstances. Bottom line: Do not produce this chemical without checking to make sure that you may do so legally.

 

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Legality: Controlled Substance

USC Title 21<ref>21 USC §812{{
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Production, Possession, or distribution of this substance without permission or defined legal justification may be illegal.

Bottom line: Do not produce this substance without checking to make sure that you may do so legally.

 

[[Category:US Schedule {{#ifeq: |1|I|{{#ifeq:|2|II|{{#ifeq:|3|III|{{#ifeq:|4|IV|{{#ifeq:|5|V|}}}}}}}}}} Substances]]}}

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Penicillin as a class of compounds

Penicillin is a class of medicinal compounds based on a 6-APA framework which contains a beta lactam ring, giving penicillins strong antibiotic activity.

Penicillin as a specific compound

This page describes the naturally occuring version, penicillin-G, which is a carboxylic acid. It is typically prepared, stored, and administered as a salt with sodium, potassium, or procaine as the cation.

Uses

Primary

  • Pharm: The sodium salt and the procaine salt are WHO LEM antibiotics

Natural occurrence

Hazards

Character

  • penicillin G has an oral bioavailability of around 30%, which means that 70% of the dose you take is excreted in urine.
  • Amoxicillin oral bioavailability is roughly 95%.

Production

Extraction

Important
Scaling
A typical course of Penicillin G for an adult is (125 to 312 milligrams [mg]) every four to six hours for 10 to 14 days, for a total 5g to 25g of penicillin consumed.  As far as wild strains go, the Peoria strain from which all modern strains are derived was the best of many wild strains examined. In proper media, it produced 150mg of penicillin per liter of growth media. If we assume assume that "random strains" will yield a tenth of that, or 15mg per liter, they would require more than 1000L (approximately one metric ton) of fermentation broth to be produced and processed for one course of the antibiotic.
  1. Penicillin Production
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  3. Make Penicillin at home{{
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Synthesis

Although extraction of penicillin G is far more practical, it can be synthesized<ref>{{#if:{{#ifeq:US|US|http://www.google.com/patents/US{{ safesubst:#if:1|3047467}}}}|{{#if:Process for the preparation of penicillins|US patent {{ safesubst:#if:1|3047467}} "[{{#ifeq:US|US|http://www.google.com/patents/US{{ safesubst:#if:1|3047467}}}} Process for the preparation of penicillins]"|[{{#ifeq:US|US|http://www.google.com/patents/US{{ safesubst:#if:1|3047467}}}} US patent {{ safesubst:#if:1|3047467}}]}}|US patent {{ safesubst:#if:1|3047467}}{{#if:Process for the preparation of penicillins|, "Process for the preparation of penicillins"}}}}{{#if:| , }}{{#if:{{#ifeq:US|US|Google}}|
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Testing

Purification

Storage

Disposal

See Also

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References

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