Ammonium Chloride: Difference between revisions
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Created page with "{{Compound|aka=Sal ammoniac|chemf=NH4Cl |mm=53.49|density=1.5274|mp=338(decomp)|bp=520|sol_aq=383|sol_et=4.25|sol_ac=sparingly|sol_det=insoluble|sol_met=23.7 |group=salts |stp_p=crystals|stp_q=white/clear |nfpa_h=2|ior=1.642}} ==Uses== ===Other=== * Feedstock for methylamine * Precursor for copper (II) chloride, precursor for sulfuric acid * Frigorific mixture component * Flux for soldering * Pharm: expectorant * electrolyte in many voltaic cells ==Natur..." |
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{{Compound|aka=Sal ammoniac|chemf=NH4Cl | {{Compound|aka=Sal ammoniac|chemf=NH4Cl|struct=none | ||
|mm=53.49|density=1.5274|mp=338(decomp)|bp=520|sol_aq=383|sol_et=4.25|sol_ac=sparingly|sol_det=insoluble|sol_met=23.7 | |mm=53.49|density=1.5274|mp=338(decomp)|bp=520|sol_aq=383|sol_et=4.25|sol_ac=sparingly|sol_det=insoluble|sol_met=23.7 | ||
|group=salts | |group=salts |
Latest revision as of 02:12, 18 December 2024
Chemical formula | {{#Chem:NH4Cl}} |
---|---|
OTP appearance | white/clear crystals |
Index of refraction | 1.642 |
Molar Mass(g/mol) | 53.49 |
Density(g/cc) | 1.5274 |
Melting Point(°C) | 338(decomp) |
Boiling Point(°C) | 520 |
Solubility in water(g/L) | 383 |
Solubility in ethanol(g/L) | 4.25 |
Solubility in methanol(g/L) | 23.7 |
Solubility in ether(g/L) | insoluble |
Solubility in acetone(g/L) | sparingly |
NFPA 704 |
Uses
Other
- Feedstock for methylamine
- Precursor for copper (II) chloride, precursor for sulfuric acid
- Frigorific mixture component
- Flux for soldering
- Pharm: expectorant
- electrolyte in many voltaic cells
Natural occurrence
- Does occur naturally as the mineral sal ammoniac
Hazards
Production
Extraction
Synthesis
via sodium chloride
Bubble carbon dioxide through a solution of sodium chloride, ammonia, and water, producing ammonium chloride and sodium bicarbonate[1][2][3]:
- {{#Chem: NaCl(aq) + NH3(aq)+ H2O(l) + CO2(g) → NaHCO3(s) + NH4Cl(aq)}}
- Prepare an ammonia solution with a density of 0.907 (25% w/w) at 20°C
- Heat the solution to 40°C
- Add an excess of Salt
- Decant/filter solution
- Discard residue (undissolved salt)
- Solution is {{#Chem: NH4OH + NaCl + NH4Cl + NaOH}}
- Chill to -11°C
- Precipitate is ammonium chloride (Approximately 10% w/w of the saturated salt solution)
- Solution is {{#Chem: NH4OH + NaCl + NaOH}} with some remaining dissolved ammonium chloride, and weighs approximately 90% of the original saturated salt solution.
via hydrochloric acid
Combine ammonia and hydrochloric acid
- {{#Chem: NH3 + HCl = NH4Cl}}
via calcium chloride
(or magnesium chloride)
- Bubble carbon dioxide through a solution of ammonia and magnesium or calcium chloride, precipitating magnesium or calcium carbonate:
- {{#Chem: 2 NH3 + CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 = 2 NH4Cl + CaCO3}}
- Filter
- Discard residue
- Evaporate filtrate to crystallize ammonium chloride
Testing
Purification
Sublimation/dissociation
This could also replace the evaporation iterations in the synthesis. Ammonium chloride dissociates (reversibly) into ammonia and hydrogen chloride at 337.6 °C. If the gasses are cooled on a surface, they react to re-form ammonium chloride, so placing a cold boiling flask over a beaker of solid ammonium chloride, then heating the beaker would transport just the ammonium chloride to the bottom of the flask.
Storage
Disposal
See Also
- US patent 1710636 "Process for manufacturing sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride"
Link courtesy Google
References
- ↑ US patent 2622004 "Cyclic process for production of sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride"
Link courtesy Google - ↑ US patent 2666686 "Production of sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride in modified ammonia-soda type process"
Link courtesy Google> - ↑ US patent 3121610 "Process for the preparation of ammonium chloride from the liquor of an ammonia-soda process"
Link courtesy Google