Ammonium Chloride: Difference between revisions

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Created page with "{{Compound|aka=Sal ammoniac|chemf=NH4Cl |mm=53.49|density=1.5274|mp=338(decomp)|bp=520|sol_aq=383|sol_et=4.25|sol_ac=sparingly|sol_det=insoluble|sol_met=23.7 |group=salts |stp_p=crystals|stp_q=white/clear |nfpa_h=2|ior=1.642}} ==Uses== ===Other=== * Feedstock for methylamine * Precursor for copper (II) chloride, precursor for sulfuric acid * Frigorific mixture component * Flux for soldering * Pharm: expectorant * electrolyte in many voltaic cells ==Natur..."
 
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{{Compound|aka=Sal ammoniac|chemf=NH4Cl
{{Compound|aka=Sal ammoniac|chemf=NH4Cl|struct=none
|mm=53.49|density=1.5274|mp=338(decomp)|bp=520|sol_aq=383|sol_et=4.25|sol_ac=sparingly|sol_det=insoluble|sol_met=23.7
|mm=53.49|density=1.5274|mp=338(decomp)|bp=520|sol_aq=383|sol_et=4.25|sol_ac=sparingly|sol_det=insoluble|sol_met=23.7
|group=salts
|group=salts

Latest revision as of 02:12, 18 December 2024

 
Ammonium Chloride
aka Sal ammoniac
Chemical formula {{#Chem:NH4Cl}}
OTP appearance white/clear crystals 
Index of refraction 1.642 
Molar Mass(g/mol) 53.49 
Density(g/cc) 1.5274 
Melting Point(°C) 338(decomp) 
Boiling Point(°C) 520 
Solubility in water(g/L) 383 
Solubility in ethanol(g/L) 4.25 
Solubility in methanol(g/L) 23.7 
Solubility in ether(g/L) insoluble 
Solubility in acetone(g/L) sparingly
NFPA 704
0
2
0
 

Uses

Other

Natural occurrence

  • Does occur naturally as the mineral sal ammoniac

Hazards

Production

Extraction

Synthesis

via sodium chloride

Bubble carbon dioxide through a solution of sodium chloride, ammonia, and water, producing ammonium chloride and sodium bicarbonate[1][2][3]:

{{#Chem: NaCl(aq) + NH3(aq)+ H2O(l) + CO2(g) → NaHCO3(s) + NH4Cl(aq)}}
  1. Prepare an ammonia solution with a density of 0.907 (25% w/w) at 20°C
  2. Heat the solution to 40°C
  3. Add an excess of Salt
  4. Decant/filter solution
  5. Discard residue (undissolved salt)
    Solution is {{#Chem: NH4OH + NaCl + NH4Cl + NaOH}}
  6. Chill to -11°C
  7. Precipitate is ammonium chloride (Approximately 10% w/w of the saturated salt solution)
  8. Solution is {{#Chem: NH4OH + NaCl + NaOH}} with some remaining dissolved ammonium chloride, and weighs approximately 90% of the original saturated salt solution.

via hydrochloric acid

Combine ammonia and hydrochloric acid

{{#Chem: NH3 + HCl = NH4Cl}}

via calcium chloride

(or magnesium chloride)

  1. Bubble carbon dioxide through a solution of ammonia and magnesium or calcium chloride, precipitating magnesium or calcium carbonate:
    {{#Chem: 2 NH3 + CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 = 2 NH4Cl + CaCO3}}
  2. Filter
  3. Discard residue
  4. Evaporate filtrate to crystallize ammonium chloride

Testing

Purification

Sublimation/dissociation

This could also replace the evaporation iterations in the synthesis. Ammonium chloride dissociates (reversibly) into ammonia and hydrogen chloride at 337.6 °C. If the gasses are cooled on a surface, they react to re-form ammonium chloride, so placing a cold boiling flask over a beaker of solid ammonium chloride, then heating the beaker would transport just the ammonium chloride to the bottom of the flask.

Storage

Disposal

See Also

References