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- 20:53, 2 December 2024 Glucose (hist | edit) [1,029 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Compound|struct=Ethenone.png|chemf=CH2CO|mm=42.037|stp_p=gas|stp_q=colorless|density=1.93|mp=-150.5|bp=-56.1|nfpa_h=4|ior=1.4355|idlh=5ppm}} ==Uses== ===Primary=== * "Heavy lifting" precursor in the production of acetic anhydride and chloroacetyl chloride ==Natural occurrence== * '''does not''' occur naturally ==Hazards== '''Extreme hazard'''. This is arguably the single most hazardous material we detail. Ethenone has similar toxicity to dichlorocarbonyl an...")
- 20:52, 2 December 2024 Ethenone (hist | edit) [1,029 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Compound|struct=Ethenone.png|chemf=CH2CO|mm=42.037|stp_p=gas|stp_q=colorless|density=1.93|mp=-150.5|bp=-56.1|nfpa_h=4|ior=1.4355|idlh=5ppm}} ==Uses== ===Primary=== * "Heavy lifting" precursor in the production of acetic anhydride and chloroacetyl chloride ==Natural occurrence== * '''does not''' occur naturally ==Hazards== '''Extreme hazard'''. This is arguably the single most hazardous material we detail. Ethenone has similar toxicity to dichlorocarbonyl an...")
- 20:47, 2 December 2024 Downs cell (hist | edit) [3,270 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "A downs cell proper is used to produce sodium metal and chlorine gas by electrolysis of sodium chloride (possibly fluxed by calcium chloride). It's patented<ref>{{Cite patent|1501756}}</ref>, etc. We use the term more generally to describe any apparatus that performs electrolysis on molten metal salts to produce pure metals, and does it in a gravitically efficient way. ==Construction== ===Materials=== * Refractory clay capable of withstanding molten alkali me...")
- 20:46, 2 December 2024 Crocoite (hist | edit) [198 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Ore |name = Crocoite |freq = Rare |hardness = 2.7 |density = 5.9-6.1 |chemf = PbCrO3 |isoxide = yes |m1=Cr |m2=Pb |redtemp=1100°C-1500°C }} Crocoite (KRO-ko-ite) is an ore of chromium.")
- 20:45, 2 December 2024 Chromite (hist | edit) [329 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Ore |name = Chromite |freq = Common |hardness = 5.5 |density = 4.5-4.8 |chemf = (Fe, Mg)Cr2O4 |isoxide = yes |m1=Cr |m2=Fe |m3=Mg |redtemp=1100°C-1500°C }} Chromite is the primary ore of chromium. It requires very high temperatures to smelt. ==Uses== * Refractory: melting point 2190°C Category:Refractories")
- 20:45, 2 December 2024 Gibbsite (hist | edit) [106 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Ore |name=Gibbsite |hardness=2.5-3 |density=2.35 |chemf=Al(OH)3 |m1=Al |calctemp=1100 |calcprod=Al2O3 }}")
- 20:39, 2 December 2024 Clay (hist | edit) [967 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "Clay is a very fine mineral mixture composed of a variety of hydroxide minerals. These hydroxides can be fired to produce ceramic materials. ==Uses== ===Primary=== * Production of ceramics ===Secondary=== * As a solid substrate for reacting solid materials (used when other more common solvents like water are impractical) ==Natural occurrence== * Clay occurs naturally ==Hazards== ==Production== ==Components== ===Primary=== * The silicon component is most often kaoli...")
- 20:35, 2 December 2024 Chloromethane production (hist | edit) [1,046 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Mineral |name=Chert |freq=common |hardness=7 |density=approx. 2.6 |chemf=SiO2 | }} Chert is a naturally occurring mineral composed almost entirely of bonded granules of silicon dioxide. Quartz, Quartzite, Chert, and Flint are all various forms (and granularities) of silicon dioxide. ==See Also==")
- 20:28, 2 December 2024 Cerussite (hist | edit) [232 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Ore |name=Cerussite |freq=common |hardness=3-3.5 |density=6.3 |chemf=PbCO3 |calctemp=315 |calcprod=PbO |m1=Pb }} Cerussite is the primary ore of lead. It is composed primarily of '''lead carbonate''' may also contain zinc.")
- 20:27, 2 December 2024 Cassiterite (hist | edit) [130 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Ore |name=Cassiterite |freq=common |hardness=6.5-7 |density=7 |chemf=SnO2 | |m1=Sn }} Cassiterite is the primary ore of tin.")
- 20:26, 2 December 2024 Carbon tetrachloride (hist | edit) [1,403 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Compound|chemf=CCl4|mm=153.81|density=1.5867(l)|mp=-22.92|bp=76.72|sol_aq=< 1|stp_p=liquid|stp_q=colorless|nfpa_h=3|ior=1.4607|idlh=200ppm}} ==Uses== {{Justify}} ===Other=== * feedstock for tetrachloroethylene<ref>{{cite patent|4002695|title=Process for making tetrachloroethylene}}</ref> *: Tetrachloroethylene is obtained by the vapor phase reaction of carbon tetrachloride in the presence of elemental hydrogen and a barium chloride catalyst at a temperature of at le...")
- 20:25, 2 December 2024 Calcium gluconate (hist | edit) [2,634 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Compound |chemf=C12H22CaO14|mm=430.373|density=|mp=120(decomp)|sol_aq=30-35 |stp_p=solid|stp_q= |nfpa_h=1|nfpa_f=1 |group=salts |medicine=yes |medication=yes|med_class=Dietary Supplements|listed_who=yes|listed_dhs=yes}} {{med desc |flist=DHS |treats=hydrofluoric acid exposure/poisoning, hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia |admin=orally}} ==Uses== ===Primary=== * Pharm: WHO LEM treatment for hydrofluoric acid poisoning, hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia ==Natural occurrence== ==H...")
- 20:24, 2 December 2024 Brucite (hist | edit) [235 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Ore |name=Brucite |freq= |hardness=2.5-3 |density=2.4 |chemf=Mg(OH)2 |calctemp=300-330 |decen=1244-1450 |m1=Mg |calcprod=MgO }} Brucite is a magnesium hydroxide mineral, usually found combined with other minerals, such as in clay")
- 20:16, 2 December 2024 Bone black (hist | edit) [1,586 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "Bone black (also called bone char) is a granular substance composed primarily of calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate and some charcoal. It is dense, having a specific gravity near π. ==Uses== * It is used as a filtration agent similar to charcoal and activated carbon. Bone black is particularly good at removing fluorides and heavy metals (including copper and zinc). * Feedstock for phosphoric acid ==Production== ===General method=== Calcine c...")
- 20:15, 2 December 2024 Antimony pentachloride (hist | edit) [858 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Compound|chemf=SbCl5|group=Halogenators |mm=299.01|density=2.336|mp=2.8|bp=140|sol_aq=reacts|ior=1.59255 |stp_p=liquid|stp_q=pungent, oily, reddish yellow |nfpa_h=3|nfpa_r=1|nfpa_o=<s>W</s>}} ==Uses== ===Primary=== * Chlorination catalyst ==Natural occurrence== * '''Does not''' occur naturally ==Hazards== * Ingestion leads to severe GI problems. * Corrosive ==Production== ===Synthesis=== * Combine molten antimony with excess chlorine gas in a heated environmen...")
- 20:05, 2 December 2024 Aluminum hydroxide (hist | edit) [1,785 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Compound|chemf=Al(OH)3 |mm=78|density=2.42|mp=300|bp=decomp|sol_aq=10<sup>-5</sup> |group=salts |stp_p=solid|stp_q=white amorphous |nfpa_h=1}} ==Uses== ===Primary=== * Key intermediate in the production of aluminum ==Natural occurrence== * Aluminum hydroxide '''does''' occur naturally as the mineral gibbsite ==Hazards== ==Production== ===Extraction=== The mineral gibbsite is primarily aluminum hydroxide ===Synthesis=== From bauxite ====Bayer==== # C...")
- 20:03, 2 December 2024 Acetaldehyde (hist | edit) [3,352 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with ":aka U-Nickel ==Uses== ===Primary=== * Hydrogenation / Reduction reactions, particularly of nitro groups ===vs Raney Nickel=== It is not pyrophoric which distinguishes it from '''Raney Nickel'''. Regarding the differences with Raney nickel (R-Ni), surface characterization by means of XPS had shown that R-Ni catalysts contain metallic aluminium in the activated phase as well as oxidized aluminium, while U-Ni catalysts contain metallic zinc in the activated phase in add...")
- 20:01, 2 December 2024 Urushibara nickel (hist | edit) [3,352 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with ":aka U-Nickel ==Uses== ===Primary=== * Hydrogenation / Reduction reactions, particularly of nitro groups ===vs Raney Nickel=== It is not pyrophoric which distinguishes it from '''Raney Nickel'''. Regarding the differences with Raney nickel (R-Ni), surface characterization by means of XPS had shown that R-Ni catalysts contain metallic aluminium in the activated phase as well as oxidized aluminium, while U-Ni catalysts contain metallic zinc in the activated phase in add...")
- 20:00, 2 December 2024 Sodium aluminum hexafluoride (hist | edit) [1,789 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Compound|aka=cryolite|chemf=Na3AlF6|group=salts |mm=209.94|density=2.9|mp=950|bp=decomp|sol_aq=0.4 |stp_p=crystal|stp_q=white}} ==Uses== ===Primary=== * Essential solvent for production of aluminum ==Natural occurrence== * Cryolite '''does''' occur naturally, but is extremely rare ==Hazards== * Toxic if ingested @ 200mg/kg ==Production== ===Synthesis=== Now that natural supplies of cryolite are both rare and uneconomic, synthesis of this compound is essential to al...")
- 19:59, 2 December 2024 Dichloromethane (hist | edit) [754 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Compound|aka=methylene chloride|chemf=CH2Cl2|mm=84.93|density=1.3266|mp=-96.7|bp=39.6|sol_aq=17.5|stp_p=liquid|stp_q=colorless, odorous|nfpa_h=2|nfpa_f=1|ior=1.4244|solvent=yes}} ==Uses== ===Primary=== * Organic solvent ==Natural occurrence== * '''does''' occur naturally in some oceanic zones ==Hazards== ==Production== ===Synthesis=== : cf. chloromethane production ===from trichloromethane=== : Hydrogenate trichloromethane using zinc and hydrochloric acid...")
- 19:59, 2 December 2024 Chloromethane (hist | edit) [697 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Compound|chemf=CH3Cl|mm=50.49|density=|mp=-97.4|bp=-23.8|sol_aq=5.325|stp_p=gas|stp_q=colorless|nfpa_h=2|nfpa_f=4}} ==Uses== ===Other=== * feedstock for methanol * Feedstock for iodomethane (via Finklestein reaction) ==Natural occurrence== * '''does''' occur naturally in some oceanic zones. ==Hazards== ==Production== ===Synthesis=== : cf. chloromethane production * Combine methanol and hydrochloric acid *: {{#Chem: CH3OH + HCl { ZnCl = } CH3Cl}} ==Puri...")
- 19:57, 2 December 2024 Carbon disulfide (hist | edit) [2,935 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Compound|name=Carbon Disulfide|chemf=CS2|stp_p=liquid|stp_q=clear volatile|mm=76.14|density=1.29|mp=-111.61|bp=46.24|sol_aq=2.17|nfpa_h=3|nfpa_f=4|ior=1.63}} ==Uses== ===Primary=== * Required for the Broughton route to acetic anhydride * Required for production of viscose rayon * Basis for production of carbon tetrachloride and other important methane derivatives ==Natural occurrence== * Carbon disulfide '''does''' occu...")
- 19:55, 2 December 2024 Trichloromethane (hist | edit) [2,506 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Compound|name=Trichloromethane|chemf=CHCl3|pharm=yes|solvent=np|mm=119.38|density=1.489|mp=−63.5|bp=61.15|sol_aq=insoluble|stp_p=liquid|stp_q=clear|nfpa_h=2}} ==Uses== {{Justify}} ===Other=== * Solvent * Reagent * Precursor to many other compounds including TFE * General anesthetic * Precursor to DCM ({{#Chem: CHCl3 + Zn + HCl = CH2Cl2 + ZnCl2 }}). ==Natural occurrence== None. ==Hazards== * CNS depressant * Decomposes with oxygen into toxic byproducts ==Production=...")
- 19:54, 2 December 2024 Rayon (hist | edit) [3,698 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Fiber | name=Rayon | source= | locality= | kingdom=Synthetic | radius= | length= | immediate_use=no | native_color=white }} 200px|thumb|Cellulose, {{#Chem: C6H7O2(OH)3}}, with the hydroxyl groups underlined Rayon is any fiber made from dissolved cellulose. The cellulose may be chemically modified to become soluble, or solvents produced which can dissolve cellulose, or combinations thereof. Eventually the dissolved ce...")
- 19:54, 2 December 2024 Prussian blue (hist | edit) [516 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Compound|chemf=Fe7(CN)18 |mm=859.24|density=|mp=250 (decomp) |stp_p=crystals|stp_q=indigo/purple |medicine=yes| |mediocation=yes|listed_who=yes}} ==Uses== {{Justify}} ===Primary=== * WHO LEM heavy metal chelation agent ===Other=== * pigment ==Natural occurrence== * '''does not''' occur naturally ==Hazards== ==Production== ===Extraction=== ===Synthesis=== Combine potassium ferrocyanide with iron (III) chloride :{{#Chem:3 K4Fe(CN)6 + 4 FeCl3 = Fe7(CN)18 +12KCl}}...")
- 19:53, 2 December 2024 Producer gas (hist | edit) [1,590 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "The '''Parkes process''' is a pyrometallurgical industrial process for removing silver and gold from lead. It is an example of liquid-liquid extraction. ==Principles== The process takes advantage of several properties of zinc. # Zinc has low melting (420°C) and boiling (907°C) points # As liquids, zinc and lead are immiscible # Noble metals are much more soluble in zinc than in lead. ==Overview== Zinc is added to liquid lead that contains silver, then th...")
- 19:52, 2 December 2024 Parkes process (hist | edit) [1,590 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "The '''Parkes process''' is a pyrometallurgical industrial process for removing silver and gold from lead. It is an example of liquid-liquid extraction. ==Principles== The process takes advantage of several properties of zinc. # Zinc has low melting (420°C) and boiling (907°C) points # As liquids, zinc and lead are immiscible # Noble metals are much more soluble in zinc than in lead. ==Overview== Zinc is added to liquid lead that contains silver, then th...")
- 19:51, 2 December 2024 Marcasite (hist | edit) [208 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{ Ore | name=Marcasite | freq= | hardness=6.6.5 | density=4.887 | chemf=FeS2 }} Like iron pyrite, marcasite is a source of both iron and sulfur, as well as a source of iron for firestarting.")
- 19:50, 2 December 2024 Kelp (hist | edit) [4,162 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{ Plant | name = Giant kelp | image = GiantKelp.png | vcat = seaweed | aka = kelp | gs = Macrocystis pyrifera | taxonomy = Heterokontophyta; Phaeophyceae; Laminariales; Laminariaceae | gr_area= warm oceans | range=Western North America, South America, South Africa, New Zealand, Southern Australia, Japan | medicinal=yes }} Kelp is a subcategory of seaweed. In California, the Giant Brown Kelp (''Macrocystis Pyrifera'') is the most common kind. '''N.B.''' In older texts, "...")
- 19:49, 2 December 2024 Hydrogen fluoride (hist | edit) [1,697 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Compound|chemf=HF|mm=20.01|density=.00115|mp=-83.6|bp=19.5|stp_p=gas|stp_q=ultra-pale yellow|nfpa_h=4|nfpa_r=1}} ==Uses== ===Primary=== * Key fluorine ion source * Feedstock for industrial chemical hydrofluoric acid * Feedstock for sodium aluminum hexafluoride, essential for aluminum production ==Natural occurrence== * Hydrogen fluoride '''does not''' occur naturally. ==Hazards== This is a '''highly''' dangerous substance. * Pure gaseous hydrogen fluori...")
- 19:48, 2 December 2024 Alkali wood extraction (hist | edit) [1,592 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "Alkali wood extraction is a method of producing oxalic acid, formic acid and methanol from sawdust or wood chips by dry-distilling them in the presence of a strong alkali (usually sodium or potassium hydroxide), then treating the "melt" of wood with acid to produce a soluble alkaline oxalate.<ref>{{cite pub |title= Oxalic Acid from Sawdust - Optimum Conditions for Manufacture |first1=Donald F.|last1=Othmer|first2=Carl H.|last2=Gamer|first3=Joseph J.|last3=Jac...")
- 19:31, 2 December 2024 Glass (hist | edit) [902 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "Glass is a hard, brittle, translucent or transparent form of silicon dioxide doped with with other metallic oxides. Glass made from pure silicon dioxide is called ''fused quartz''. ==Types== * Lead * Borosilicate ** Corning 7740 (81% {{#Chem:SiO2}}, 2% {{#Chem: Al2O3}}, 13% {{#Chem: B2O5}}, 4% {{#Chem: Na2O}})<ref>{{cite patent|4025327}}</ref> * Soda-lime * Fused Quartz ==Form== Glass is a semi-liquid that hardens to a solid when it cools. It can be...")
- 19:30, 2 December 2024 Formic acid (hist | edit) [1,197 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Compound|struct=FormicAcid.png|chemf=H2CO2|mm=46|density=1.22|mp=8.4|bp=100|sol_aq=misc|stp_p=liquid|stp_q=clear, fuming|nfpa_h=3|nfpa_f=2|nfpa_r=1|pharm=yes}} ==Uses== {{Justify}} ===Other=== * Hide tanning material * source of carbon monoxide via dehydration with sulfuric acid * Pharm: wart remover * antibacterial agent for animal feed * Curing and coagulating natural rubber ==Natural occurrence== * Formic acid '''does''' occur naturally. *: It's produce...")
- 19:29, 2 December 2024 Fluorapatite (hist | edit) [176 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{ Mineral | name = Fluorapatite | freq = common | hardness = 5 | density = 3.1-3.2 | chemf = Ca5(PO4)3F }} Fluorapatite is a key source of fluorine and phosphorus")
- 19:28, 2 December 2024 Kernite (hist | edit) [209 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{ Ore | name=Kernite | freq=common | hardness=2.5-3 | density=1.9 | chemf=Na2B4O6(OH)2*3(H2O) | iscomposite=yes | m1=B | m2=Na | calctemp=300 | oxide=Na2B4O7 }} Kernite is a primary ore of boron")
- 19:27, 2 December 2024 Fermentation (ABE) (hist | edit) [920 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "ABE Fermentation is a process by which acetone, butanol and ethanol are produced by Clostridium beijerinckii as they consume biomass. Vacuum distillation seems to be a simple, continueous, and nondiestructive extraction technique<ref>{{cite pub |title=ABE fermentation products recovery methods—A review |last1=Kujawska |first1=Anna |last2=Kujawski |firt2=Jan |last3=Bryjak |first3=Marek |last4=Kujawski |first4=Wojciech |year=2015 |publication=E...")
- 19:25, 2 December 2024 Colemanite (hist | edit) [231 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{ Ore | name=Colemanite | freq=common | hardness=4.5 | density=2.42 | chemf=CaB3O4(OH)3·H2O | ishydroxide=yes | m1=B | m2=Ca | oxide=B2O3 }} Colemanite, along with borax and kernite, is a primary ore of boron")
- 19:23, 2 December 2024 Cellulose (hist | edit) [748 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "thumb|Cellulose monomer Cellulose is a substituted aromatic polymer with the monomer formula {{#Chem: C6H7O2(OH)3}}. Along with '''lignin''' it a primary constituent of wood. ==Uses== ===Primary=== * Key component of synthetic fibers such as rayon ==Natural occurrence== {| class="wikitable dtab" |+ Cellulose content of various materials !colspan=2|Source !% dry wt !Other |- |rowspan=2|Wood |Softwood |- |Hardwood |- |rowspan=3|Chaff |Corn s...")
- 19:23, 2 December 2024 Blackpowder (hist | edit) [1,679 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "Blackpowder is a mixture of sulfur, charcoal, and saltpeter (preferably high-potassium content saltpeter) ==Uses== ===Primary=== * Stored chemical energy which can be rapidly converted into kinetic energy ==Hazards== * Saltpeter is toxic if taken in large amounts. Do not eat. * Blackpowder is ''extremely flammable'', and can ''explode'' if confined. Keep away from open flames. * After burning, the smoke from blackpowder contains toxic and irritating chemicals...")
- 19:22, 2 December 2024 Benzaldehyde (hist | edit) [4,267 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Compound|chemf=C7H6O|struct=Benzaldehyde.png|mm=106.12|density=1.044|mp=-57.12|bp=178.1|sol_aq=7|stp_p=liquid|stp_q=clear pale yellow|ior=1.5456|nfpa_h=2|nfpa_f=2|nfpa_r=1|listed_dea=yes}} ==Uses== Benzaldehyde, like methyl salicylate is an aromatic compound which occurs naturally. It provides an early and simple path to aromatics such as 4-aminobenzoic acid before the trimerization of acetylene is practical. ===Other=== * Feedstock for many aromatic chemic...")
- 19:21, 2 December 2024 Bauxite (hist | edit) [285 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Ore |name=Bauxite |freq=common |hardness=3.5 |density=3.04 |chemf=Al(OH)3.AlO(OH) |m1=Al |m2=Si |m3=Fe }} Bauxite is the primary ore of aluminum. It contains 30-55% aluminum oxide, the remaining fraction being a mixture of silicon dioxide, hematite and magnetite.")
- 19:18, 2 December 2024 Ammonia biofiltration (hist | edit) [4,060 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "Ammonia biofiltration is the process of converting ammonia into nitrates by filtering it through an active aerated compost system. This is often referred to as ''nitrification'', the conversion of organic or ammoniacal nitrogen to oxides of nitrogen. ==Measurements== ===Process efficiency=== Process efficiency is calculated in three ways. # The nitrogen uptake rate (units: grams/m<sup>3</sup>/hr) This represents the scale of the system, the amount of input and outpu...")
- 19:17, 2 December 2024 Plaster (hist | edit) [1,214 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "Plaster is a wetted solid, typically applied to uneven surfaces to smooth them or provide a good surface for paint or other treatment. It can also provide some weatherproofing. ==Production== ===Lime Plaster=== # Gather 2-3 units by mass calcium oxide # Gather 1 unity by mass sand # Mix well # Dampen slightly (just enough to make the mixture spreadable) #: '''Check''': The mixture should heat up # The mixture is lime plaster. It will "set" over the next few hours...")
- 19:17, 2 December 2024 Key lime (hist | edit) [388 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{ Plant | name = Key lime | aka = | gs = Citrus aurantiifolia | taxonomy = Angiosperms / Eudicots / Rosids / Sapindales / Rutaceae / ... | gr_area= temperate plains | range=Ubiquitous in temperate areas | medicinal=yes }} ==Uses== {{Justify}} ===Other=== ==Hazards== ==Cultivation== ==Harvest== ==See Also== * Lime * Lemon * Orange ==References== <references/>")
- 19:16, 2 December 2024 Aluminum oxide (hist | edit) [956 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Compound |name=Aluminum oxide |chemf=Al2O3 |density=3.95-4.1 |mm=101.96 |mp=2072 |bp=2977 |sol_aq=insoluble |nfpa_h=1 |stp_p=solid |stp_q=white }} Aluminum oxide is a mineral form of aluminum oxide, {{#Chem: Al2O3}}. It is a minor constituent of sand and clay. It rarely occurs in pure form. ==Uses== * Primary feedstock for aluminum * Refractory: melting point 2072°C ==Natural Occurrence== * Aluminum oxide '''does''' occur naturally as bauxite ==Haz...")
- 19:14, 2 December 2024 Acetic anhydride (hist | edit) [11,634 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Compound|chemf=(CH3CO)2O |density=1.082|mp=-73|bp=139.8|mm=102|nfpa_h=2|nfpa_f=2|nfpa_r=1|nfpa_o=<s>W</s> |listed_dea=yes}} Almost exclusively used in organic chemistry, primarily in the production of medicines, acetic anhydride is such a phenomenally effective acetylating agent that even though the routes to its production invariably involve lethal intermediates and difficult reaction conditions, it has been and is still a widely produced chemical. ==Uses== ===Primary...")
- 19:13, 2 December 2024 Wood distillation (hist | edit) [4,758 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "A special case of dry distillation where the solid material being heated is wood. ==Use== This process takes in a readily available material (wood) and produces three separate streams of useful materials: charcoal, flammable gas, and a variety of liquid hydrocarbons, including aromatic compounds. ==Chemistry== The base chemistry is simple: heat wood in an oxygen-free environment until all the free water is driven off. Then raise the temperature to 270°C...")
- 19:12, 2 December 2024 Compost (hist | edit) [2,339 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "Compost is soil produced by the composting process. It is usually rich in soluble nitrogen compounds, primarily calcium nitrate. ==Uses== * Compost is a superb vegetable fertilizer. * Compost is used in the production of saltpeter. ==Natural occurrence== Compost is a bioproduct, and occurs in small amounts anywhere herbivore manure and/or large amounts of dead vegetable matter are left alone to decompose in an environment conducive to the right bacteria. ==Production...")
- 18:40, 2 December 2024 Acetylene (hist | edit) [5,169 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{compound||chemf=C2H2|mm=26|fv=48.466|sol_aq=1.45|aft_o2=3480|ior=1.00045|density=0.0011|nfpa_h=1|nfpa_f=4|nfpa_r=3}} ==Uses== {{Justify}} ===Other=== * Lighting/Welding Fuel * Feedstock for benzene ==Hazards== * Acetylene is toxic, flammable, explosive, and moderately reactive. * Under pressure over 25atm, physical shocks or rapid temperature changes can result in spontaneous explosions. The key safety benchmark is to avoid any substantial volume of pressurized ac...")
- 18:38, 2 December 2024 Dibromoethane (hist | edit) [756 bytes] Admin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Compound|aka=1,2-dibromoethane|chemf=C2H4Br2|mm=187.86|density=2.18|mp=9.4-10.2|bp=129-133|ior=1.539|sol_aq=4|stp_p=liquid|stp_q=clear|nfpa_h=3}} ==Uses== {{Justify}} ===Other=== * Alternative feedstock for acetylene, and thence benzene * Grignard reagent * Fire retardants ==Natural occurrence== * '''Does''' occur naturally in small amounts generated by seaweed. ==Hazards== * 40ml swallowed has been fatal to a human * Breathing substantial quantities give...")
