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02:05, 4 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page 2-cyanoguanidine (Created page with "{{Compound|chemf=C2H4N4|aka=Dicyandiamide |mm=84.08|density=1.4|mp=209.5|bp=252|sol_aq=41.3|sol_et=soluble |stp_p=crystals|stp_q=white |nfpa_h=1|nfpa_f=1}} ==Uses== {{Justify}} ===Other=== * Precursor to WHO LEM Component metformin. ==Natural occurrence== ==Hazards== ==Character== ==Production== ===Extraction=== ===Synthesis=== * {{cite patent|2416545|title=Method of preparing dicyandiamide}} ==Testing== ==Purification== ==Storage== ==Disposal== ==See Als...")
02:04, 4 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Trichloroethylene (Created page with "{{Compound|struct=Trichloroethylene.png|chemf=Cl2CCHCl|mm=131.4|density=1.46|mp=-84.8|bp=87.2|sol_aq=1.28|stp_p=liquid|stp_q=colorless|nfpa_h=2|nfpa_f=1|ior=1.4777}} ==Uses== ===Primary=== * Feedstock for chloroacetic acid ==Natural occurrence== * '''Does not''' occur naturally ==Hazards== * Carcinogenic, low toxicity ==Production== ===Synthesis=== ====dichloroethane==== * Thermally decompose dichloroethane *: {{#Chem: ClCH2CHCl + 2Cl2 {=400°C} ClCHCCl2 + 3H...")
02:02, 4 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Sodium cyanide (Created page with "{{Compound|chemf=NaCN|group=salts |mm=|49.0072|density=1.5955|mp=563.7|bp=1496|sol_aq=637|ior=1.452|idlh=25mg/m3 |stp_p=solid|stp_q=white |nfpa_h=4 }} ==Uses== {{Justify}} ===Other=== ==Natural occurrence== ==Hazards== * Highly toxic: an oral dosage as small as 200–300 mg can be fatal. * See Cyanide poisoning treatment ==Production== ===Extraction=== ===Synthesis=== ====Castner==== Scientific American<ref>{{cite pub|publication=Scientific American Suppl...")
02:01, 4 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Rose's metal (Created page with "'''Rose's metal''', '''Rose metal''' or '''Rose's alloy''' is a fusible alloy with a low melting point. Its melting point is between 94°C and 98°C. The alloy does not contract on cooling. ==Uses== Rose's metal has several common uses: # As a solder. It was used to secure cast iron railings and balusters in pockets in stone bases and steps. # As a heat transfer medium in heating baths, typically 220°C and higher. # As a malleable filling to prevent tubes and pipes...")
02:01, 4 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Metformin (Created page with "{{Compound|chemf=C4H11N5|mm=129.16364|density=|mp=|bp=|sol_aq=|stp_p=|stp_q=|medicine=yes|listed_who=yes}} ==Uses== ===Primary=== * Pharm: WHO LEM component ==Natural occurrence== ==Hazards== ==Production== ===Extraction=== ===Synthesis=== # Produce '''dimethylamine hydrochloride''' ## Neutralize dimethylamine with hydrochloric acid: ##: {{#Chem: NH(CH3)2 + HCl = NH2(CH3)2Cl}} # React '''dimethylamine hydrochloride''' and 2-cyanoguanidine over heat #: {{#Chem...")
02:00, 4 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Lincomycin (Created page with "{{Compound|chemf=C18H34N2O6S|mm=406.538}} ==Uses== ===Primary=== * Precursor for WHO LEM component clindamycin ==Natural occurrence== * '''Does''' occur naturally as a secondary metabolite of Streptomyces lincolnensis ==Hazards== ==Production== ===Extraction=== Extracted from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces lincolnensis<ref>{{cite patent|3676302|title=Lincomycin production}}</ref> ===Synthesis=== ==Testing== ==Purification== ==Storage== ==Disposal== ==...")
01:59, 4 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Hydroxocobalamin (Created page with "{{Compound|aka=Hydroxocobalamin, Vitamin B12|chemf=C62H89CoN13O15P|group=Bioproducts |complexo=yes|mm=1346.37 |stp_p=crystals|stp_q=dark red |medicine=yes|listed_who=yes|med_class=Dietary Supplements }} Hydroxocobalamin, along with related compounds '''cyano'''cobalamin, '''methyl'''cobalamin, and '''adenosyl'''cobalamin, represent bioavailable forms of vitamin B12. Cobalamin coordinates five out of six points on the cobalt atom, leaving the sixth f...")
01:52, 4 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Hexachloroplatinic acid (Created page with "{{Compound|chemf=H2PtCl6|mm=409.81|density=2.431|mp=60|bp=|sol_aq=|stp_p=solid|stp_q=reddish brown|nfpa_h=2|nfpa_r=1}} ==Uses== ===Primary=== * Feedstock for platinum-based antineoplastic medicines in WHO LEM * Intermediate in platinum refining ==Natural occurrence== ==Hazards== ==Production== ===Extraction=== Occurs in placer gold at approximately 1400ppm (1.5g/kg) See '''Purification''' below an...")
01:51, 4 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Ethylamine (Created page with "{{Compound|chemf=C2H7N|mm=45.09|density=|mp=-85—-79|bp=16-20|sol_aq=|stp_p=gas|stp_q=colorless|nfpa_h=3|nfpa_f=4|listed_dea=yes|idlh=600ppm}} ==Uses== {{Justify}} ===Other=== * Side product of producing diethylamine ==Natural occurrence== * is produced naturally (in space) ==Hazards== ==Production== ===Extraction=== ===Synthesis=== :cf. diethylamine There are many other methods of production ==Testing== ==Purification== ==Storage== ==Disposal== ==See Also=...")
01:50, 4 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Dwarf saltwort (Redirected page to Salicornia Bigelovii) Tag: New redirect
01:49, 4 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Salicornia Bigelovii (Created page with "Salicornia Bigelovii, aka Dwarf Saltwort. {{ Plant | name = Dwarf saltwort | image = | vcat = salt grasses | aka =Dwarf saltwort | gs = Salicornia Bigelovii | taxonomy = Angiosperms; Eudicots; Core eudicots; Caryophyllales; Amaranthaceae; Salicornioideae | gr_area= warm salt marshes | range=Western North America }} ==Uses== * Key source of sodium carbonate ==See Also== * {{cite web|title=Salicornia Bigelovii|url=http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=SAB...")
01:47, 4 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Diosgenin (Created page with "{{Compound|chemf=C27H42O3|struct=Diosgenin.png|group=Plant Products |mm=414.63 |stp_p=solid|stp_q=white/clear |synthon=yes}} ==Uses== ===Primary=== * Feedstock for progesterone and hydrocortisone ==Natural occurrence== * '''Does''' occur naturally dioscorea composita and -mexicana, as well as fenugreek plants ==Hazards== ==Production== ===Extraction=== ====From dioscorea==== : cf {{cite patent|3505316|title=Recovery of diosgenin from dioscorea root material}}...")
01:46, 4 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Dimethylamine (Created page with "{{Compound|chemf=(CH3)2NH |mm=45.085|mp=-93|bp=7=9|sol_aq=|stp_p=gas|stp_q=colorless |nfpa_h=2|nfpa_f=4}} ==Uses== ===Primary=== * Feedstock for WHO LEM component Metformin ==Natural occurrence== ==Hazards== ==Character== ==Production== ===Extraction=== ===Synthesis=== : See [[Alkylamine process] * Reflux methanol in ammonia ==Testing== ==Purification== ==Storage== ==Disposal== ==See Also== ==References== <references/>")
01:45, 4 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Dimethyl-4-phenylenediamine (Created page with "{{Compound|chemf=C8H12N2|mm=136.20|density=|mp=53|bp=262|sol_aq=|stp_p=crysals|stp_q=reddish-violet}} ==Uses== ===Primary=== * Feedstock for methylene blue ==Natural occurrence== ==Hazards== ==Production== ===Extraction=== ===Synthesis=== # React dimethylanaline with '''nitrous acid''' (created in situ from sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid) giving '''para-dimethylaniline nitrite''' #: {{#Chem: C8H11N + HNO2 = C8H10N2O + H2O}} # Reduce '''para-dimeth...")
01:42, 4 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Diethylamine (Created page with "{{Compound|struct=Diethylamine.png|chemf=NH(CH3CH2)2|mm=73.14|density=0.7074|mp=-49.8|bp=54.8|sol_aq=misc|stp_p=liquid|stp_q=colorless, fishy-smelling|nfpa_h=3|nfpa_f=3|nfpa_r=1|ior=1.385}} ==Uses== ===Primary=== * Key chemical intermediate ==Natural occurrence== ==Hazards== ==Production== ===Extraction=== ===Synthesis=== Reflux ethanol and ammonia over aluminum oxide producing a mixture of ethylamine, diethylamine, and triethylamine. : {{#Chem:...")
01:41, 4 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Dichloroethane (Created page with "{{Compound|chemf=ClH2CCH2Cl|mm=98.95|density=1.253|mp=-35|bp=84|sol_aq=8.7|stp_p=liquid|stp_q=colorless|nfpa_h=3|nfpa_f=3|industrial=yes|solvent=yes}} ==Uses== ===Primary=== * Industrial chemical * Intermediate in the production of trichloroethylene * Feedstock for Vinyl chloride monomer ==Natural occurrence== ==Hazards== ==Production== ===Synthesis=== * Chlorinate ethylene with chlorine gas over an iron (III) chloride catalyst *: {{#Chem: H2CCH2 + Cl2 {...")
01:38, 4 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page DEET (Redirected page to N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide) Tag: New redirect
01:36, 4 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Cyanide poisoning treatment (Created page with "__TOC__ ==Causes== * Exposure to sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide, or hydrogen cyanide. ==Symptomology== Confusion from hypoxia and muscle pain from lactic acid buildup. Low blood oxygen, low blood pH. ==Treatment== * Supplemental Oxygen, '''and''' * IM or IV sodium thiosulfate '''and''' * one, but '''not''' both of ** IM or IV sodium nitrite '''--or--''' ** IM or IV hydroxocobalamin ===Warnings=== * Do '''not''' co-administer hydroxocobalam...")
01:35, 4 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Cyanamide (Created page with "{{Compound|chemf=CH2N2 |mm=42.040|density=1.28|mp=44|bp=260 (decomp)|sol_aq=850 |stp_p=crystals|stp_q= |nfpa_h=2|nfpa_f=1|nfpa_r=2}} ==Uses== {{Justify}} ===Other=== * Production of biguanides (incl 2-cyanoguanidine<ref>{{cite patent|2416545|title=Method of preparing dicyandiamide}}</ref>) and thence WHO LEM components Metformin, proguanil and Chlorhexidine ==Natural occurrence== ==Hazards== ==Character== ==Production== ===Extraction=== ===Synthe...")
01:34, 4 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Copper (II) Oxide (Created page with "{{Compound|aka=cupric oxide, black copper oxide|chemf=CuO|group=salts |mm=79.545|density=6.315|mp=1326|bp=2000|sol_aq=0 |stp_p=powder|stp_q=black |nfpa_h=2|nfpa_r=1}} ==Uses== ===Primary=== * Primary intermediate for copper and bronze ===Other=== * Catalyst * Precursor to cuperammonium for the production of rayon * Glass polishing * Component of copper-aluminum thermite * P-type semiconductor ==Natural occurrence== * Occurs naturally as the rare mineral tenorite...")
01:32, 4 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Coffea canephora (Created page with "{{ Plant | vcat = perennial evergreen dicotyledon | aka = Coffee Robusta | taxonomy = Angiosperms;Eudicots;Asterids;Gentianales;Rubiaceae;Ixoroideae;Coffeeae | gr_area= high altitude equatorial areas | range=global | medicinal=yes | food=yes }} ==Uses== {{Justify}} ===Other=== * Source of caffeine ==Hazards== ==Cultivation== The coffee plant needs plenty of rain to grow, something like 1,500-2,000 mm a year. For Robusta tempratures should ranger 24 – 30°C. Cof...")
01:31, 4 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Coffea arabica (Created page with "{{ Plant | vcat = perennial evergreen dicotyledon | aka = Coffee Robusta | taxonomy = Angiosperms;Eudicots;Asterids;Gentianales;Rubiaceae;Ixoroideae;Coffeeae | gr_area= high altitude equatorial areas | range=global | medicinal=yes | food=yes }} ==Uses== {{Justify}} ===Other=== * Source of caffeine ==Hazards== ==Cultivation== The coffee plant needs plenty of rain to grow, something like 1,500-2,000 mm a year. The temperature for Arabica is 15–24˚C. Coffee is extr...")
01:30, 4 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Clostridium acetobutylicum (Redirected page to Clostridium beijerinckii) Tag: New redirect
01:29, 4 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Clindamycin (Created page with "{{Compound|chemf=C18H33ClN2O5S|struct=Clindamycin.png|group=Bioproducts |complexo=yes||mm=424.98 |medicine=yes|med_class=Antibiotics|listed_who=yes|listed_dhs=yes }} ==Uses== ===Primary=== * Pharm: WHO LEM antibiotic ==Natural occurrence== * '''Does not''' occur naturally ==Hazards== ==Production== ===Synthesis=== * Chlorinate lincomycin using thionyl chloride to replace the 7-hydroxy group with a chlorine atom with inversion of chirality.<ref>{{Cite pub | last1...")
01:28, 4 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Cisplatin (Created page with "{{Compound|struct=Cisplatin.png|chemf=Pt*2Cl*2NH3|mm=300.01|density=|mp=|bp=|sol_aq=|stp_p=|stp_q=|med_class=Platinum Based Antineoplastics|medicine=yes|listed_who=yes}} ==Uses== ===Primary=== * Pharm: WHO LEM antineoplastic ==Natural occurrence== * '''Does not''' occur naturally ==Hazards== ==Production== ===Extraction=== ===Synthesis=== # Combine potassium hydroxide and hexachloroplatinic acid giving '''potassium hexachloroplatinate''' ({{#Chem: K2[PtCl6]}}) #...")
01:26, 4 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Cement (Created page with "==Types== Cement normally consists of a 30:20:1 ratio of calcium oxide, silicon dioxide, and gypsum. Some aluminum oxide can be substituted for silicon dioxide. ===Portland Cement=== {| class=wikitable !C3S / Alite |50% | {{#Chem: 3CaO*SiO2}} | C3S + 6H = C-S-H + 3CH '''Alite''' + 6 Water = '''C-S-H''' + 3 Portlandite {{#Chem: 2(CaO)3SiO2 + 6H2O = (CaO)3(SiO)2(OH)3 + 3Ca(OH)2 dH=-173.6}} | +120cal/g |very reactive compound, high heat of hydration, h...")
01:25, 4 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Babbit (Created page with "Babbit is a tough, soft, mildly malleable material used to line bearing surfaces. There are many formulas, as with Pewter. * about 50 parts of tin, five of antimony, and one of copper<ref>{{cite patent|1252|title=Mode of making boxes for axles and gudgeons}}</ref> ==See Also== * Pewter * Rose's metal ==References== <references/> Category: Alloys")
01:24, 4 December 2024 Admin talk contribs uploaded File:6-APA.png
01:24, 4 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page File:6-APA.png
01:22, 4 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Steel (Created page with "Steels are a class of iron alloys which are generally suitable for structural, high-temperature, or tooling applications. ==Compositions== {| class="wikitable num" !rowspan=2|Name !rowspan=2|Uses !colspan=7|Components (% by mass, balance is Fe) !colspan=2|Impurity limits !rowspan=2|Character |- !C !Mn !Cr !Ni !W !Co !Si !P !S |- !Low C...")
01:20, 4 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Lime kiln (Created page with "A kiln for applying heat to limestone or other calcium carbonate sources such as seashells to chemically convert the calcium carbonate in those sources to calcium oxide. Like a charcoal kiln a lime kiln can be a pure kiln or a damped pyre. Category:Kiln")
01:19, 4 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Category:Alloys (Created page with "Alloys are a special case of chemical mixture. They are solid mixtures composed primarily of metallic elements. Other nonmetal elements (C, P, Si, etc.) may also be included in special cases. ==Iron alloys== ===Steels=== ==Copper alloys== ===Bronzes=== * C54400 Phosphor bronze is used for springs, among other things. ===Brasses=== ==Lead alloys== ===Solders=== ===Low melting point alloys=== * Wood's metal * Rose's...")
21:38, 3 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Coal (Created page with "Coal is a mineral, a compected and fossilized form of peat. It is an important source of carbon compounds, containing more per unit weight or volume than dry wood, and containing more recoverable hydrocarbon and aromatic materials. It has the same relationship to '''coke''' that wood has to charcoal. ==Uses== ===Primary=== * As a solid fuel * Feedstock for producer gas * Feedstock for coke, hydrocarbons, and aromatic carbon compounds ===Secondary=== * Feedsto...")
21:35, 3 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Chemtest (acetate) (Created page with "Acetate tests determine if the acetate cation ({{#Chem: CH3COO}}-) is present. ==Preliminary== ===Qualitative=== # Thermal decomp yields vapors with ''vinegar smell'' and redden blue litmus # Combination with sulfuric acid yields vapors with ''vinegar smell'' and redden blue litmus ==Confirmatory== ===Qualitative=== # Combination with oxalic acid and distilled water yields vapors with ''vinegar smell'' and redden blue litmus # Heating and combination...")
21:34, 3 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Charcoal kiln (Created page with "Equipment to apply heat to wood or other cellulose sources to chemically convert the cellulose to charcoal. Like a lime kiln they can be a pure simple kiln or a damped pyre. ==Yield== Charcoal is both smaller (~35%) and lighter (10%) than the wood it comes from. ===Volume=== :3.6m3 of dry wood becomes 1-1.4m3 of charcoal. ===Mass=== :10kg dry wood becomes 1kg of charcoal. ==Types== Airtight, usually behive-shaped, br...")
21:30, 3 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Cast iron (Created page with "Cast iron is an alloy consisting of iron (93%-96.9%), carbon (2.1%-4%) and silicon (1%-3%). Most mixtures have a melting point between 1100°C and 1200°C. Chemically it represents a midpoint between pig iron and steel. Cast iron resists rusting, is easy to cast, and relatively easy to machine. ==Uses== * Structural Material: everything from gears to furniture to bridges. ==Character== Two subtypes of cast iron exist: * "Ductil...")
21:29, 3 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Carrollite (Created page with "{{ Ore | name=Carrollite | freq=common | hardness=4.5-5.5 | density=4.8 | chemf=CuCo2S4 | issulfide=yes | m1=Co | m2=Cu | m3=Ni | redtemp=reduction temperature (in °C) | calctemp=700 | oxide=Co3O4 }} Carrollite, along with cobaltite, is a primary ore of cobalt. (It may contain measurable fractions of nickel as well)")
21:29, 3 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Carboplatin (Created page with "{{Compound|chemf=C6H12N2O4Pt |mm=373.2666 |medicine=yes|med_class=Platinum Based Antineoplastics |medication=yes|listed_who=yes}} ==Uses== ===Primary=== * Pharm: WHO LEM antineoplastic ==Natural occurrence== * '''Does not''' occur naturally ==Hazards== ==Production== ===Synthesis=== : cf. CycloButane DiCarboxylic Acid<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.orgsyn.org/demo.aspx?prep=CV3P0213|title=1,1-Cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid|courtesy=OrgSyn}}</ref> ==Testing== ==Purification...")
21:28, 3 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Camelia sinensis (Created page with "{{ Plant | vcat = evergreen shrub | aka = Tea | taxonomy = Angiosperms;Eudicots;Asterids;Ericales;Theaceae | gr_area= subtropical | range=East and southeast asia | medicinal=yes }} ==Uses== ===Primary=== * Key source of caffeine ==Hazards== ==Cultivation== Prefer at least 1270mm of rainfall a year. Tea plants prefer a rich and moist growing location in full to part sun, and can be grown in hardiness zones 7 – 9 (yearly lows temp -17°C). However, the clonal on...")
21:26, 3 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Calcium ascorbate (Created page with "{{Compound|chemf=Ca(C6H7O6)2 |mm=390.31|density=|mp=|bp=|sol_aq=500|sol_et=slight |group=salts |stp_p=powder|stp_q=white or slightly yellow|stp_o=odorless}} ==Uses== ===Other=== * Precursor to ascorbic acid ==Natural occurrence== ==Hazards== ==Production== ===Extraction=== ===Synthesis=== ==Testing== ==Purification== ==Storage== ==Disposal== ==See Also== ==References== <references/>")
21:24, 3 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Calcium Oxide (Created page with "{{Compound|name=Calcium oxide|chemf=CaO|mm=56.0774|density=3.34|mp=2613|bp=2850|stp_p=solid|stp_q=white|nfpa_h=3|nfpa_r=2}} ==Uses== ===Primary=== * Feedstock for calcium hydroxide, lye, and all other hydroxides ===Secondary=== * Heat without fire: *: {{#Chem: CaO(s)+H2O(l)=Ca(OH)2(aq)}} (ΔHr = −63.7 kJ/mol of CaO) ==Natural occurrence== * Does not occur naturally ==Hazards== * Corrosive to skin * Calcium oxide dust irritates the eyes and lungs * Mixed with water...")
19:28, 3 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Bupivacaine (Created page with "{{Compound |chemf=C18H28N2O|struct=Bupivicaine.png|mm=288.43|density=|mp=107-108°C |medicine=yes |medication=yes|listed_who=yes|listed_dhs=yes}} ==Uses== ===Primary=== * Pharm: WHO LEM local anesthetics ==Natural occurrence== ==Hazards== ==Production== ===Extraction=== ===Synthesis=== * See patent WO 2009089842A1<ref>{{cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2009089842A1/en|title=WO 2009089842A1|courtesy=Google Patents}}</ref> * See diagram from wikimedia co...")
19:24, 3 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page File:Ethenone.png
19:24, 3 December 2024 Admin talk contribs uploaded File:Ethenone.png
19:22, 3 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page File:Ibuprofen.png
19:22, 3 December 2024 Admin talk contribs uploaded File:Ibuprofen.png
19:20, 3 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Solanum tuberosum (Created page with "{{ Plant | aka = Potato | taxonomy = Plantae>Angiosperms>Eudicots>Asterids>Solanales>Solanaceae | gr_area=global | range=Ubiquitous }} ==Uses== ===Primary=== * Nutritious, abundant, and easily cultivated Foodstock ===Secondary=== * Source of solanidine for production of 16-DPA medicinal synthon * Feedstock for starch and ethanol ==Hazards== ==Cultivation== ==Harvest== ==See Also== ==References== <references/>")
19:18, 3 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page File:Benzylpenicillin.png
19:18, 3 December 2024 Admin talk contribs uploaded File:Benzylpenicillin.png
19:12, 3 December 2024 Admin talk contribs created page Clostridium beijerinckii (Created page with "{{Monad |aka=Weizmann organism |type=bacteria |source=ubiquitous |domain=starchy vegetables |media=starches in water |taxonomy=Firmicutes;Clostridia;Clostridiale;Clostridiaceae;Clostridium }} : AKA ATCC 824; Weizmann Organism A ubiquitous monad present in lima bean roots and the soils in which they grow, potatos and the soils in which they grow, and corn cobs. They produce at the same time, jointly, propanone, ethanol, and butanol from starch. The m...")

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